Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Implementation Of Pressure Ulcer Incidents - 1137 Words

Implementation Plan Due to the high cases of pressure ulcer incidents in this 18-bed CCU, a plan must be executed in a short period. A timeline was developed to implement multidisciplinary team collaboration (Appendix B). The multidisciplinary team will be executed in three stages during this three-month timeline. The stages consist of pre-implementation, implementation, and post-implementation. Clinicians are at heart of medical decision making (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality [AHRQ], 2014). Healthcare practitioners are the stakeholders involved in preventing pressure ulcers and they must be proactive in performing task. If the multidisciplinary collaboration strategy succeeds, the other stakeholders such as patient,†¦show more content†¦This checklist includes list of healthcare practitioners involved in patient care and treatment initiated in preventing pressure ulcers (Appendix C). This checklist is mandatory and must become a norm in daily nursing practice. Lastly, the team will be given chain of communication guide diagram (Appendix D). The nursing staff will understand the communication required with other clinicians in order to provide appropriate treatment for pressure ulcers by following this guide. This first stage will hold weekly meetings consisting of discussion for implementation stage. Any questions and concerns will be expressed before the next stage among the clinicians. Implementation stage consists of: (1) tracking, (2) collaboration, (3) planning, and (4) management. It will take place during the second month. During this stage, skin condition record (Appendix A), multidisciplinary team checklist (Appendix C), and chain of communication guide (Appendix D) will be implemented. All clinicians involved during this stage must utilize these documents. This stage involves bedside nurse, nutritionist, physical therapist, wound care nurse, and an intensivist. Primary nurse will track pre-admitted and developing pressure ulcers in patients. Skin condition record will be used to assess and document description. Staff nurse will follow chain of communication protocol afterwards. Collaboration will take place once a pressure ulcer isShow MoreRelatedNr451 Sacrum Pressure Ulcer Capstone1415 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: SACRUM PRESSURE ULCER REDUCE WITH FOAM DRESSING Sacrum Pressure Ulcer Reduce With Strict Use of Foam Dressing Chamberlain School of Nursing Penni-Lynn Rolen NR 451 Capstone Course Sacrum Pressure Ulcer Reduce With Strict Use of Foam Dressing Despite advancement of technology, pressure ulcer continues to be a primordial in the health care system. Prevention of pressure ulcer remains an important issue in the health care facility. The critically ill ICU patient is the main targetRead MorePrevention And Management Of Pressure Ulcer865 Words   |  4 Pageshospital-acquired pressure ulcers and stressed the need to focus not only on the numbers but more importantly, all unit must work on the hospital’s interdisciplinary approach and analysis of hospital-wide pressure ulcers. Other concerns that were presented were inaccurate and incomplete documentation of the Admission Assessment and timely implementation of the standard of care for the prevention and management of pressure ulcer. It was recommended that managers regularly review and discuss incidents reportedRead MoreEssay on Pressure Ulcer Prevention Repositioning1198 Words   |  5 PagesPressure Ulcer Prevention Repositioning Introduction Pressure ulcers are one of the most common problems health care facilities often face which causes pain and discomfort for the patient, cost effective to manage and impacts negatively on the hospital (Pieper, Langemo, Cuddigan, 2009; Padula et al., 2011). The development of pressure ulcers occur when there is injury to the skin or tissue usually over bony prominences such as the coccyx, sacrum or heels from the increase of pressure and shearRead MoreCritical Reflection In Nursing1335 Words   |  6 Pagesand nurse. Secondly, analysis of what learning has gained from this incident. Thirdly, how this case study has enhanced learning and implementing an action plan for better optimal health delivery. Protection of patients’ rights under the care situation is an area of great importance in the work of care. All health professionals are obliged to patient’s duty of care. Reflection, in this instance, is a way of analyzing past incidents to promote learning and improve safety, in the delivery of healthRead MoreThe Impact Of Educational Interventions On Enhancing Perceptions Of Patient Safety Culture Among Jordanian Senior Nurses1349 Words   |  6 Pagesnursing education program comprising of seven online courses. Fifty seven senior nurses took part in the educational program, completing a survey 4 months before and after receiving the education. Safety culture and adverse events including pressure ulcers and falls were tracked monthly. Results revealed educational programs improved â€Å"frequency of event reporting† and â€Å"non-punitive response to errors† along with declined adverse events. Haines, T. P., Hill, A., Hill, K. D., McPhail, S., OliverRead MoreAdult Patients With Chronic Illnesses Essay1842 Words   |  8 PagesIdentification Older adult patients with chronic illnesses in home care settings are mostly bedridden placing them at risk of developing pressure ulcers (PU). Notwithstanding the current protocol in place for pressure ulcers prevention in my home health agency, there are incidences of PU with some patients in their homes. I was able to determine pressure ulcer as a major problem for most bed ridden patients in their homes from my experience as a visiting home health nurse. One of the main dutiesRead MoreHospital Benefits Of Hospital Acquired Infection Essay2340 Words   |  10 Pageshospital is the development of pressure ulcers. not only detrimental to the patient and their family, it also impacts the facility. Rajpul and Acton (2016) both agreed with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) that hospital-acquired pressure ulcer is costly and is prevalent. AHRQ (2014) stated that â€Å"2.5 million patients per year affected, pressure ulcers cost $9.1-$11.6 billion per year in the U S, more than 17,000 lawsuits are related to pressure ulcers annually, and about 60,000 patientsRead MoreEssay about Evidence Based Research2968 Words   |  12 PagesWaterlow Assessment Tool and identify any risk factors, towards the prevention of pressure ulcers. The overall strengths and weaknesses of the report will highlight any justifications that would challenge the validity of the search. The final stages will evaluate the conclusions of the literature and whether it is justifiable to apply into practice, analyzing some of the barriers to facilitate its implementation. The conclusion will summarize all the key points in the report and any further recommendationsRead MoreFinancial Information Based On Current Literature1509 Words   |  7 Pagesresults is imperative for continued support of the MNMP. Once a PSETHI is procured, a MSNU will be selected to participate in the MNMP. Ideally, this unit will have current RN vacancies and a supportive management and nursing staff for the implementation of the MNMP. The MSNU will be given a detailed description of the program with emphasis on the possible benefits to the unit. RNs from the MSNU will be asked to volunteer as a mentor for the program. Preferably, the chosen RN mentor will haveRead MoreBenchmarking Is A Part Of Total Quality Management1483 Words   |  6 Pagesbenchmarking in Canadian Healthcare has limited literature available. It was identified that the international organization the OECD in collaboration with Canadian data collection organizations such as CIHI was integral for the introduction and implementation of benchmarking in Canada. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international organization formed in 1961, committed to improving the economic and social well being globally (CIHI, Nov 2013). Data regarding

Assignments Physical Activity, Disease and Public Health Free Essays

Obesity is becoming a leading killer disease in the world. The changing nature of life has led to change in lifestyle which has led to increased cases of lifestyle diseases.   It is estimated that more than half of the population of United States is obese or overweight. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignments Physical Activity, Disease and Public Health or any similar topic only for you Order Now However epidemiological studies show ethnic and racial dimension with regard to prevalence of obesity in the population. African Americans especially African American women have a higher prevalence of obesity compared to other races. There are many genetic and environmental factors which have been predisposing African Americans to increased cases of obesity. Obesity does not only affect health and social life of the individual but it is also a gateway to development of many other chronic illnesses.   If not well managed, obesity leads to other terminal illnesses like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and others. Change in diet and tendency towards a sedentary lifestyle have been identified as the leading causes of obesity all over the world.   The increasing prevalence of obesity in the population has been correlated with myriad of environmental, behavioral, physiological, and genetic factors.   Attenuated metabolic response to the exposures in the environmental combined with a number of predisposing factors and low level of energy expenditure leads to   positive energy balance which increases body weight. Several researches have underpinned the importance of diet modification and exercise in reducing body weight. However the emphasis has been mainly on diet modification with less attention on the role of exercises. Regular exercises can help to burn the excess body fats leading to reduction of obesity. In this study we are going to review a number of studies which have looked into the role of exercise in the management of obesity. The study   review a total of 10 studies from American Journal of Nutrition, JAMA, British Journal of Sports Medicine, and many   other renown medical sites. The key search words used include obesity, African Americans, Body Mass Index, and physical activities Obesity Obesity is one of the growing health problems in the world. Since the mid 20th century, the number of obese individuals in the population has been growing at an alarming rate due to the changing nature of our life.   The high prevalence of overweight and obesity is a great concern for adults, children, and adolescents not only in the United States but also in the rest of the world.   Obesity can be defined as increase in body weight due to accumulation of fat tissues. Individual weight status is usually determined by the Body Mass Index, which is a ratio of individual’s weight to height.   Body mass index has been shown as one of the most effective tools to assess the level of risk from individual weight. Obesity can be described as accumulation of fast on the body due to a positive energy balance. The food we eat is used up for body metabolism processes and the rest is stored as fats in the body adipose tissues.   If we eat too much and engage in fewer exercises, there is that energy balance in the body that is converted to fat.   Therefore the more we eat or the higher calorie foods that we eat, the more we gain weight and we end up being obese. According to the body mass index measure, a health individual should have a BMI of 18.5 – 24.9 kg/m2. The following table shows the classification of BMI and the body weight status. How to cite Assignments Physical Activity, Disease and Public Health, Papers

Resistance Journal Health Social Behavior -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Resistance Journal Health Social Behavior? Answer: Introducation This describes a feeling of sadness for a long period of time for example weeks, months or even years and sometimes with no apparent reason. A diagnosis can take weeks and it is important to rule out general medical issues since some conditions such as vitamin deficiency share the symptoms of depression. Signs and Symptoms of Depression: Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed Appetite variations Loss or gain in weight disparate from dieting Fatigue Lack of sleep Difficulty in concentration Suicide thoughts Schizophrenia It is a severe mental disorder that affects an individuals thinking, behavior and feelings. Signs and Symptoms: Psychosis Disorderly movements Trouble focusing Reduced expression of emotions through speaking and facial expressions Hallucinations Delusions Anxiety Disorders These are feelings of dread over anticipated activities. Signs and Symptoms: Excessive worry over everything for a long period of time Fatigue as a result of restlessness Trouble sleeping Overwhelming and disruptive fear Muscle tension which includes flexing muscles regularly and jaw clenching Problems in concentration Chronic indigestion characterized by Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), in which individuals management stomachaches, cramping, bloating, constipation and/or diarrhea Panic attacks; a sudden gripby fear that can last several moments Stage fright Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) In this case, the patient experiences uncontrolled re-occurring thoughts (obsessions) and patterns of behavior (compulsions). Signs and Symptoms: Lack of concentration due to excessive thoughts or actions Repeated checks on activities already carried out Irresistible fear Aggressiveness towards others or oneself Overwhelming need for perfection for example, always arranging items in a particular, precise way. Violence In most societies, it is believed that mentally ill patients are threatening and dangerous to other people around them. They are viewed as being unpredictable and thus they are treated differently from other individuals (Ahonen et al., 2017). These beliefs, however,do not have any factual basis to support them. Even people without mental disabilities could be violent depending on the situation and their personalities. This interpretation makes the patients feel different and discriminated, especially if other people act in accordance with it. Demonic or Spirit possession: Some societies still hold the belief that individuals with mental illnesses are possessed by an evil spirit. This gives rise to fear and caution by other people thus discrimination of the affected ones. Medical Facilities for mental Health Problems The mental health facilities are set up in such a way that suggests these illnesses are different from other medical conditions and could lead to physical dysfunction. Controllability Many people believe that most mental and personal disorders are within the individuals personal control. If the patient does not get better on their own therefore, they are considered weak or lacking personal effort and are therefore blamed for their misfortunes (Gronholm et al, 2017). This refers to the visibility of the symptoms of a mental disorder. In this case, mental health problems that do not have easily discernible signs and symptoms such as depression are disregarded as people believe that they are not as serious as the ones with straightforward indicators. These individuals therefore feel discarded and not cared for. Societal Education: Social workers should try as much as possible to edify the members of the society on exactly what mental disorders, their types, symptoms and how to care for mentally ill individuals. They should clarify that people with mental health problems are not responsible for their conditions and therefore should be aided rather than blamed for those conditions (Glajz et al., 2017). The social workers should also continuously campaign against the beliefs held on mental illnesses and urge people to come forward or seek for help for themselves and their loved ones as soon as they suspect they have a mental healthcare disorder (MacDonald-Wilson et al., 2017). They can launch a campaign through social media to each as many people as possible with the aim of challenge peoples beliefs on mental disorders. These are a set of rules and standards that can be applied to certain situations for achievement of goals and reflection of the operations of the Psychiatric Rehabilitation field. These principles include: Individualization of all Services: This refers to focusing on the individual clients needs and desires. Indras personal wishes should be observed more keenly and the mental health facility should discourage him from alcohol consumption to facilitate his recovery. Strengths Focus The psychiatric practitioners at Community Mental Health Intervention Team (COMIT) should focus on Indras abilities, for example the fact that he wants to be financially independent and move on with his life and help him in doing this rather than paying too much attention to his alcohol consumption. Situational Assessments These valuations focus on the clients personal goals and therefore are more effective than global assessments that do not relate to the individuals specific goals. Treatment/Rehabilitation Integration COMIT should view Indra as a complex individual and take into account all aspects of his life affected by the rehabilitation process. It should especially focus on rehabilitation which aids in overcoming barriers and pursuing ones dreams as opposed to treatment which is a mere relief in the symptoms experienced. Coordinated Ongoing Assessments In Indras case there is a stipulated time in which he should move out of his brothers flat. COMIT should not let him make such a decision since rehabilitation is an ongoing process and requires time to heal. His family should also encourage him to be patient and focus on his rehabilitation process. The service providers should be hopeful regarding their clients recovery (Hutchison, et al., 2017). In Indras situation, his family and his practitioner should be expectant for better results and discourage him from taking comfort in alcohol. Capacity to Learn and Grow Another value of psychiatric rehabilitation is the belief that everyone has the capacity to be better. COMIT and Indras household members should motivate him to acquire new enjoyable skills that will keep him busy and probably b ring him some income as a way of showing him that he can be more productive and enabling him avoid alcohol consumption. Respect and Dignity Preservation Rehabilitation facilities should understand that the illnesses do not make the patients less human (Priester, et al, 2016). Indras sister and brother should politely explain to Indra the effects of alcohol on his recovery and aid him in pursuing his goals instead of quarrelling. Acceptance The first step that Diana should take to rehabilitation is accepting that she is ill. She is only interested in getting her job back meaning that she does not realize how serious her condition is or she does not care. Admitting that she needs recovery more than a job would be an important step towards Dianas restoration (Thoits, 2016). This can be achieved by enabling her to understand the difference between her symptoms and her true self, which would bring to light her mental status. Engaging other people These include friends and family members who can help her spot symptoms that she cannot identify on her own and support her through her rehabilitation process (Koslowski et al., 2016). Healthy lifestyle Now that she is no longer busy working, Diana should focus on building a healthy lifestyle such as exercising and eating healthy meals which would facilitate her recovery process. She should reduce her worry about getting her job back and put all her energy into recovery, which would probably bring to light other opportunities and help her identify other enjoyable hobbies or acquire new skills and techniques. Programme Options Diana should talk with the psychiatric medical social worker about her disinterest in the programme in order to have suggestions for other options that would better contribute to regaining her health and have a better experience (McGurk et al., 2017). The best programme for her would be one that is enjoyable to her and in which she is actively involved. It should also portray the capability of her gaining new skills and acquiring knowledge that would enable her get another occupation after recovery. Alternatively, it should have the ability to aid her in further building her career in case there is a chance of re-acquiring her previous employment. References Ahonen, L., Loeber, R., Brent, D. A. (2017). The Association Between Serious Mental Health Problems and Violence: Some Common Assumptions and Misconceptions.Trauma, Violence, Abuse, 1524838017726423. Corrigan, P. W. (2016). Resolving mental illness stigma: should we seek normalcy or solidarity?. DeLuca, J. S., Yanos, P. T. (2016). Managing the terror of a dangerous world: Political attitudes as predictors of mental health stigma.International journal of social psychiatry,62(1), 21-30. Hutchison, S. L., MacDonald-Wilson, K. L., Karpov, I., Maise, A. M., Wasilchak, D., Schuster, J. M. (2017). Value of psychiatric rehabilitation in a behavioral health medicaid managed care system. psychology Rehabilitation Journal,40(2), 216. Gronholm, P. C., Thornicroft, G., Laurens, K. R., Evans-Lacko, S. (2017). Mental health-related stigma and pathways to care for people at risk of psychotic disorders or experiencing first-episode psychosis: a systematic review.Psychological Medicine, 1-13. Glajz, B. A. Deane, F. P., Deane, F. P., Williams, V., Williams, V. (2017). Mental health workers values and their congruency with recovery principles.The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice,12(1), 1-12. McGurk, S. R., Mueser, K. T., Watkins, M. A., Dalton, C. M., Deutsch, H. (2017). The feasibility of implementing cognitive remediation for work in community based psychiatric rehabilitation programs.Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal,40(1), 79. MacDonald-Wilson, K. L., Hutchison, S. L., Karpov, I., Wittman, P., Deegan, P. E. (2017). A Successful Implementation Strategy to Support auditing of Decision Making in Mental Health Services.Community mental health journal,53(3), 251-256. Koslowski, N., Klein, K., Arnold, K., Ksters, M., Schtzwohl, M., Salize, H. J., Puschner, B. (2016). Effectiveness of interventions for adults with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities and mental health problems: systematic review and meta-analysis.The British Journal of Psychiatry, bjp-bp. Priester, M. A., Browne, T., Iachini, A., Clone, S., DeHart, D., Seay, K. D. (2016). Treatment access barriers and disparities among individuals with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders: An integrative literature review.Journal of substance abuse treatment,61, 47-59. Thoits, P. A. (2016). Im Not Mentally Ill Identity Deflection as a Form of Stigma Resistance.Journal of health and social behavior,57(2), 135-151. Yeh, M. A., Jewell, R. D., Thomas, V. L. (2017). The Stigma of Mental Illness: Using Segmentation for Social Change.Journal of Public Policy Marketing,36(1), 97-116.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Hokusai free essay sample

Katsushika Hokusai was Japanese artist from the Edo period of what we now call Tokyo, he was born October 31, 1760, and died May 10, 1849 and in this time he attended the Katsukawa Shunsh studio and trained under his master Shunsh, like many artists of the time his training focused on portraying the images of the courtesans and Kabuki actors popular at the time. His art style is unique and innovative using printing as well as painting to create his own style of Ukiyo-e art that he learned from his master Shunsh.Japan during Hokusais time was the Edo period which lasted over 250 years and very much ruled by the social standing of a person and/or their family and a strong military dictatorship. this was before the economic and social change the lead to the fall of this era and the rise of what is now the structure of modern-day Japan.This time was also during the rise of western print influence from Dutch artists which is shown in paintings like The Great Wave that use low horizon line s, shapes and oblique angles that contrast the objects near and far and the man-made and natural, as well as the introduction of colours like Prussian blue that are distinct aspects of European artworks. We will write a custom essay sample on Hokusai or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page but all this combined with the Japanese printing and line style is what makes Hokusais art so unique and interesting. One of the most prominent aspects of Hokusais works in the presence of Mount Fuji in a number of his works, even these series that the well known Great Wave is from was named 36 views of Mount Fuji.But why Mount Fuji? The tallest mountain in Japan is Mount Fuji and it is considered sacred by many Japanese people and known as an icon for Japan to many foreigners. it is possible that this is the reason for Hokusais fascination with the mountain the sacred object among Japanese but also an object of fascination and tourism for those coming from other places which is true even to this day. it was for this reason that it was common for the prints to be purchased as souvenirs of Mount Fuji and Japan because at the time Mount Fuji was visible from all over was is now Tokyo.

Sunday, May 3, 2020

Cover-Ups and Lies free essay sample

This paper looks at the Kennedy Assassination and the conspiracy theories that surround it. This paper discusses the 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy, and the unanswered questions that surround his death. The author looks at some of the conspiracy theories that have risen over the years, such as whether Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone, was Kennedy shot in the front or the back of the head, why is there a different coffin when the body is unloaded from the plane? November 22, 1963 was an important and sorrowful day in American history. It was the day John F. Kennedy was shot. Many of the facts from this day are common knowledge to almost anyone who has ever taken a high school level class in history. Kennedy was shot by Lee Harvey Oswald, who was hiding in the Texas Schoolbook Depository, as his car passed through Dealey Plaza in Dallas , Texas . These are the accepted facts of the assassination; however, many Americans believe there is more to this story, possibly even a government cover-up. We will write a custom essay sample on Cover-Ups and Lies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Any conspiracy buff knows that there are several unanswered questions and facts that simply dont add up. For example, did Oswald act alone? If he did, could he have fired all the shots in that short of time? Was Kennedy hit in the front or the back of the head? The answers to these and other questions have led many Americans to believe that the assassination of John F. Kennedy was part of a conspiracy by our own government. The question that I have asked myself many times is: Is the government telling us the truth?

Thursday, April 16, 2020

Tips For Writing a Sample Source Analysis Essay

Tips For Writing a Sample Source Analysis EssayA sample source analysis essay is a crucial part of applying for jobs or staying in college. It gives the reader an idea of what to expect from your write-up and serves as a guide to success. The most difficult thing about writing a sample source analysis essay is finding a good one that you really like.For example, if you choose to have someone else write your sample essay, it will be very difficult to get an unbiased opinion because they are biased toward their employer or you. You should also be careful about writing your own essay. This can be a challenge and many people feel lost at the process.Your resume or cover letter needs to spell your full name. You need to spell your name out each time and include the name you use for your resume. Another tip is to tell everyone in your sample essay your full name, so that you can come across as being more professional.The language you use should reflect professionalism and should also refle ct a good essay. If you don't care about grammar, then writing an essay is easy for you, but if you do care about grammar, you should use the 'spacing' between words and make sure the sentences flow nicely. If you can learn these skills, you will be writing a much better essay.The style of writing your essay should also be appropriate with the proper spelling. You should also follow your college's style of writing and tone, as well as any other specific formatting that are given to you. When you're writing, you should try to follow the rules and your essay should look professional when it is printed.You also want to look at your sample essay as something that could be a very long project. Because it is a sample, you want to write a well-written analysis but it is not going to be a project that you can finish in just a few hours. However, you also want to give your readers the best possible education so you need to make sure you meet this criteria.Keep in mind that your sample analys is essay is not a complete course. You need to go through it again to make sure you understand every sentence, paragraph, and figure, including your footnotes. Take as much time as you need and go back over it again to make sure you don't miss anything. In this way, you are ensuring that your essay is completely clear and correct.In conclusion, your essay should stand on its own and speak for itself. This is important because employers are looking for concise essays that stand apart from your resume or cover letter. If you think you don't have the time to write a quality sample source analysis essay, then you might want to consider having someone else write it for you.

Tuesday, April 14, 2020

3 Key Tips for How to Write an Argumentative Essay

3 Key Tips for How to Write an Argumentative Essay SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If there’s one writing skill you need to have in your toolkit for standardized tests, AP exams, and college-level writing, it’s the ability to make a persuasive argument. Effectively arguing for a position on a topic or issue isn’t just for the debate team- it’s for anyone who wants to ace the essay portion of an exam or make As in college courses. To give you everything you need to know about how to write an argumentative essay, we’re going to answer the following questions for you: What is an argumentative essay? How should an argumentative essay be structured? How do I write a strong argument? What’s an example of a strong argumentative essay? What are the top takeaways for writing argumentative papers? By the end of this article, you’ll be prepped and ready to write a great argumentative essay yourself! Now, let’s break this down. What Is an Argumentative Essay? An argumentative essay is a type of writing that presents the writer’s position or stance on a specific topic and uses evidence to support that position. The goal of an argumentative essay is to convince your reader that your position is logical, ethical, and, ultimately, right. In argumentative essays, writers accomplish this by writing: A clear, persuasive thesis statement in the introduction paragraph Body paragraphs that use evidence and explanations to support the thesis statement A paragraph addressing opposing positions on the topic- when appropriate A conclusion that gives the audience something meaningful to think about. Introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion: these are the main sections of an argumentative essay. Those probably sound familiar. Where does arguing come into all of this, though? It’s not like you’re having a shouting match with your little brother across the dinner table. You’re just writing words down on a page! ...or are you? Even though writing papers can feel like a lonely process, one of the most important things you can do to be successful in argumentative writing is to think about your argument as participating in a larger conversation. For one thing, you’re going to be responding to the ideas of others as you write your argument. And when you’re done writing, someone- a teacher, a professor, or exam scorer- is going to be reading and evaluating your argument. If you want to make a strong argument on any topic, you have to get informed about what’s already been said on that topic. That includes researching the different views and positions, figuring out what evidence has been produced, and learning the history of the topic. That means- you guessed it!- argumentative essays almost always require you to incorporate outside sources into your writing. Argumentative essays are unique(just like this umbrella)...which means you need to use specific techniques to write them! What Makes Argumentative Essays Unique? Argumentative essays are different from other types of essays for one main reason: in an argumentative essay, you decide what the argument will be. Some types of essays, like summaries or syntheses, don’t want you to show your stance on the topic- they want you to remain unbiased and neutral. In argumentative essays, you’re presenting your point of view as the writer and, sometimes, choosing the topic you’ll be arguing about. You just want to make sure that that point of view comes across as informed, well-reasoned, and persuasive. Another thing about argumentative essays: they’re often longer than other types of essays. Why, you ask? Because it takes time to develop an effective argument. If your argument is going to be persuasive to readers, you have to address multiple points that support your argument, acknowledge counterpoints, and provide enough evidence and explanations to convince your reader that your points are valid. Our 3 Best Tips for Picking a Great Argumentative Topic The first step to writing an argumentative essay deciding what to write about! Choosing a topic for your argumentative essay might seem daunting, though. It can feel like you could make an argument about anything under the sun. For example, you could write an argumentative essay about how cats are way cooler than dogs, right? It’s not quite that simple. Here are some strategies for choosing a topic that serves as a solid foundation for a strong argument. Choose a Topic That Can Be Supported With Evidence First, you want to make sure the topic you choose allows you to make a claim that can be supported by evidence that’s considered credible and appropriate for the subject matter...and, unfortunately, your personal opinions or that Buzzfeed quiz you took last week don’t quite make the cut. Some topics- like whether cats or dogs are cooler- can generate heated arguments, but at the end of the day, any argument you make on that topic is just going to be a matter of opinion. You have to pick a topic that allows you to take a position that can be supported by actual, researched evidence. (Quick note: you could write an argumentative paper over the general idea that dogs are better than cats- or visa versa!- if you’re a) more specific and b) choose an idea that has some scientific research behind it. For example, a strong argumentative topic could be proving that dogs make better assistance animals than cats do.) You also don’t want to make an argument about a topic that’s already a proven fact, like that drinking water is good for you. While some people might dislike the taste of water, there is an overwhelming body of evidence that proves- beyond the shadow of a doubt- that drinking water is a key part of good health. To avoid choosing a topic that’s either unprovable or already proven, try brainstorming some issues that have recently been discussed in the news, that you’ve seen people debating on social media, or that affect your local community. If you explore those outlets for potential topics, you’ll likely stumble upon something that piques your audience’s interest as well. Choose a Topic That You Find Interesting Topics that have local, national, or global relevance often also resonate with us on a personal level. Consider choosing a topic that holds a connection between something you know or care about and something that is relevant to the rest of society. These don’t have to be super serious issues, but they should be topics that are timely and significant. For example, if you are a huge football fan, a great argumentative topic for you might be arguing whether football leagues need to do more to prevent concussions. Is this as â€Å"important† an issue as climate change? No, but it’s still a timely topic that affects many people. And not only is this a great argumentative topic: you also get to write about one of your passions! Ultimately, if you’re working with a topic you enjoy, you’ll have more to say- and probably write a better essay. Choose a Topic That Doesn’t Get You Too Heated Another word of caution on choosing a topic for an argumentative paper: while it can be effective to choose a topic that matters to you personally, you also want to make sure you’re choosing a topic that you can keep your cool over. You’ve got to be able to stay unemotional, interpret the evidence persuasively, and, when appropriate, discuss opposing points of view without getting too salty. In some situations, choosing a topic for your argumentative paper won’t be an issue at all: the test or exam will choose it for you. In that case, you’ve got to do the best you can with what you’re given. In the next sections, we’re going to break down how to write any argumentative essay- regardless of whether you get to choose your own topic or have one assigned to you! Our expert tips and tricks will make sure that you’re knocking your paper out of the park. Think of your thesis as the trunk of a tree. Its job is to support your arguments- which are like the branches. The Thesis: The Argumentative Essay’s Backbone You’ve chosen a topic or, more likely, read the exam question telling you to defend, challenge, or qualify a claim on an assigned topic. What do you do now? You establish your position on the topic by writing a killer thesis statement! The thesis statement, sometimes just called â€Å"the thesis,† is the backbone of your argument, the north star that keeps you oriented as you develop your main points, the- well, you get the idea. In more concrete terms, a thesis statement conveys your point of view on your topic, usually in one sentence toward the end of your introduction paragraph. It’s very important that you state your point of view in your thesis statement in an argumentative way- in other words, it should state a point of view that is debatable. And since your thesis statement is going to present your argument on the topic, it’s the thing that you’ll spend the rest of your argumentative paper defending. That’s where persuasion comes in. Your thesis statement tells your reader what your argument is, then the rest of your essay shows and explains why your argument is logical. Why does an argumentative essay need a thesis, though? Well, the thesis statement- the sentence with your main claim- is actually the entire point of an argumentative essay. If you don’t clearly state an arguable claim at the beginning of your paper, then it’s not an argumentative essay. No thesis statement = no argumentative essay. Got it? Other types of essays that you’re familiar with might simply use a thesis statement to forecast what the rest of the essay is going to discuss or to communicate what the topic is. That’s not the case here. If your thesis statement doesn’t make a claim or establish your position, you’ll need to go back to the drawing board. Example Thesis Statements Here are a couple of examples of thesis statements that aren’t argumentative and thesis statements that are argumentative The sky is blue. The thesis statement above conveys a fact, not a claim, so it’s not argumentative. To keep the sky blue, governments must pass clean air legislation and regulate emissions. The second example states a position on a topic. What’s the topic in that second sentence? The best way to keep the sky blue. And what position is being conveyed? That the best way to keep the sky blue is by passing clean air legislation and regulating emissions. Some people would probably respond to that thesis statement with gusto: â€Å"No! Governments should not pass clean air legislation and regulate emissions! That infringes on my right to pollute the earth!† And there you have it: a thesis statement that presents a clear, debatable position on a topic. Here’s one more set of thesis statement examples, just to throw in a little variety: Spirituality and otherworldliness characterize A$AP Rocky’s portrayals of urban life and the American Dream in his rap songs and music videos. The statement above is another example that isn’t argumentative, but you could write a really interesting analytical essay with that thesis statement. Long live A$AP! Now here’s another one that is argumentative: To give students an understanding of the role of the American Dream in contemporary life, teachers should incorporate pop culture, like the music of A$AP Rocky, into their lessons and curriculum. The argument in this one? Teachers should incorporate more relevant pop culture texts into their curriculum. This thesis statement also gives a specific reason for making the argument above: To give students an understanding of the role of the American Dream in contemporary life. If you can let your reader know why you’re making your argument in your thesis statement, it will help them understand your argument better. An actual image of you killing your argumentative essay prompts after reading this article! Breaking Down the Sections of An Argumentative Essay Now that you know how to pick a topic for an argumentative essay and how to make a strong claim on your topic in a thesis statement, you’re ready to think about writing the other sections of an argumentative essay. These are the parts that will flesh out your argument and support the claim you made in your thesis statement. Like other types of essays, argumentative essays typically have three main sections: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. Within those sections, there are some key elements that a reader- and especially an exam scorer or professor- is always going to expect you to include. Let’s look at a quick outline of those three sections with their essential pieces here: Introduction paragraph with a thesis statement (which we just talked about) New paragraph that starts with a topic sentence presenting Argumentative Point #1 Support Point #1 with evidence Explain/interpret the evidence with your own, original commentary (AKA, the fun part!) New paragraph that starts with a topic sentence presenting Argumentative Point #2 Support Point #2 with evidence Explain/interpret the evidence with your own, original commentary New paragraph that starts with a topic sentence presenting Argumentative Point #3 Support Point #3 with evidence Explain/interpret the evidence with your own, original commentary New paragraph addressing opposing viewpoints (more on this later!) Concluding paragraph Now, there are some key concepts in those sections that you’ve got to understand if you’re going to master how to write an argumentative essay. To make the most of the body section, you have to know how to support your claim (your thesis statement), what evidence and explanations are and when you should use them, and how and when to address opposing viewpoints. To finish strong, you’ve got to have a strategy for writing a stellar conclusion. This probably feels like a big deal! The body and conclusion make up most of the essay, right? Let’s get down to it, then. How to Write a Strong Argument Once you have your topic and thesis, you’re ready for the hard part: actually writing your argument. If you make strategic choices- like the ones we’re about to talk about- writing a strong argumentative essay won’t feel so difficult. There are three main areas where you want to focus your energy as you develop a strategy for how to write an argumentative essay: supporting your claim- your thesis statement- in your essay, addressing other viewpoints on your topic, and writing a solid conclusion. If you put thought and effort into these three things, you’re much more likely to write an argumentative essay that’s engaging, persuasive, and memorable...aka A+ material. Focus Area 1: Supporting Your Claim With Evidence and Explanations So you’ve chosen your topic, decided what your position will be, and written a thesis statement. But like we see in comment threads across the Internet, if you make a claim and don’t back it up with evidence, what do people say? â€Å"Where’s your proof?† â€Å"Show me the facts!† â€Å"Do you have any evidence to support that claim?† Of course you’ve done your research like we talked about. Supporting your claim in your thesis statement is where that research comes in handy. You can’t just use your research to state the facts, though. Remember your reader? They’re going to expect you to do some of the dirty work of interpreting the evidence for them. That’s why it’s important to know the difference between evidence and explanations, and how and when to use both in your argumentative essay. What Evidence Is and When You Should Use It Evidence can be material from any authoritative and credible outside source that supports your position on your topic. In some cases, evidence can come in the form of photos, video footage, or audio recordings. In other cases, you might be pulling reasons, facts, or statistics from news media articles, public policy, or scholarly books or journals. There are some clues you can look for that indicate whether or not a source is credible, such as whether: The website where you found the source ends in .edu, .gov, or .org The source was published by a university press The source was published in a peer-reviewed journal The authors did extensive research to support the claims they make in the source This is just a short list of some of the clues that a source is likely a credible one, but just because a source was published by a prestigious press or the authors all have PhDs doesn’t necessarily mean it is the best piece of evidence for you to use to support your argument. In addition to evaluating the source’s credibility, you’ve got to consider what types of evidence might come across as most persuasive in the context of the argument you’re making and who your readers are. In other words, stepping back and getting a bird’s eye view of the entire context of your argumentative paper is key to choosing evidence that will strengthen your argument. On some exams, like the AP exams, you may be given pretty strict parameters for what evidence to use and how to use it. You might be given six short readings that all address the same topic, have 15 minutes to read them, then be required to pull material from a minimum of three of the short readings to support your claim in an argumentative essay. When the sources are handed to you like that, be sure to take notes that will help you pick out evidence as you read. Highlight, underline, put checkmarks in the margins of your exam . . . do whatever you need to do to begin identifying the material that you find most helpful or relevant. Those highlights and check marks might just turn into your quotes, paraphrases, or summaries of evidence in your completed exam essay. What Explanations Are and When You Should Use Them Now you know that taking a strategic mindset toward evidence and explanations is critical to grasping how to write an argumentative essay. Unfortunately, evidence doesn’t speak for itself. While it may be obvious to you, the researcher and writer, how the pieces of evidence you’ve included are relevant to your audience, it might not be as obvious to your reader. That’s where explanations- or analysis, or interpretations- come in. You never want to just stick some quotes from an article into your paragraph and call it a day. You do want to interpret the evidence you’ve included to show your reader how that evidence supports your claim. Now, that doesn’t mean you’re going to be saying, â€Å"This piece of evidence supports my argument because...†. Instead, you want to comment on the evidence in a way that helps your reader see how it supports the position you stated in your thesis. We’ll talk more about how to do this when we show you an example of a strong body paragraph from an argumentative essay here in a bit. Understanding how to incorporate evidence and explanations to your advantage is really important. Here’s why: when you’re writing an argumentative essay, particularly on standardized tests or the AP exam, the exam scorers can’t penalize you for the position you take. Instead, their evaluation is going to focus on the way you incorporated evidence and explained it in your essay. Focus Area 2: How- and When- to Address Other Viewpoints Why would we be making arguments at all if there weren’t multiple views out there on a given topic? As you do research and consider the background surrounding your topic, you’ll probably come across arguments that stand in direct opposition to your position. Oftentimes, teachers will ask you to â€Å"address the opposition† in your argumentative essay. What does that mean, though, to â€Å"address the opposition?† Opposing viewpoints function kind of like an elephant in the room. Your audience knows they’re there. In fact, your audience might even buy into an opposing viewpoint and be waiting for you to show them why your viewpoint is better. If you don’t, it means that you’ll have a hard time convincing your audience to buy your argument. Addressing the opposition is a balancing act: you don’t want to undermine your own argument, but you don’t want to dismiss the validity of opposing viewpoints out-of-hand or ignore them altogether, which can also undermine your argument. This isn’t the only acceptable approach, but it’s common practice to wait to address the opposition until close to the end of an argumentative essay. But why? Well, waiting to present an opposing viewpoint until after you’ve thoroughly supported your own argument is strategic. You aren’t going to go into great detail discussing the opposing viewpoint: you’re going to explain what that viewpoint is fairly, but you’re also going to point out what’s wrong with it. It can also be effective to read the opposition through the lens of your own argument and the evidence you’ve used to support it. If the evidence you’ve already included supports your argument, it probably doesn’t support the opposing viewpoint. Without being too obvious, it might be worth pointing this out when you address the opposition. Great conclusions get your readers to check the "I Agree" box on your entire essay. Focus Area #3: Writing the Conclusion It’s common to conclude an argumentative essay by reiterating the thesis statement in some way, either by reminding the reader what the overarching argument was in the first place or by reviewing the main points and evidence that you covered. You don’t just want to restate your thesis statement and review your main points and call it a day, though. So much has happened since you stated your thesis in the introduction! And why waste a whole paragraph- the very last thing your audience is going to read- on just repeating yourself? Here’s an approach to the conclusion that can give your audience a fresh perspective on your argument: reinterpret your thesis statement for them in light of all the evidence and explanations you’ve provided. Think about how your readers might read your thesis statement in a new light now that they’ve heard your whole argument out. That’s what you want to leave your audience with as you conclude your argumentative paper: a brief explanation of why all that arguing mattered in the first place. If you can give your audience something to continue pondering after they’ve read your argument, that’s even better. One thing you want to avoid in your conclusion, though: presenting new supporting points or new evidence. That can just be confusing for your reader. Stick to telling your reader why the argument you’ve already made matters, and your argument will stick with your reader. A Strong Argumentative Essay: Examples For some aspiring argumentative essay writers, showing is better than telling. To show rather than tell you what makes a strong argumentative essay, we’ve provided three examples of possible body paragraphs for an argumentative essay below. Think of these example paragraphs as taking on the form of the â€Å"Argumentative Point #1 → Evidence - Explanation - Repeat† process we talked through earlier. It’s always nice to be able to compare examples, so we’ve included three paragraphs from an argumentative paper ranging from poor (or needs a lot of improvement, if you’re feeling generous), to better, to best. All of the exampleparagraphs are for an essay with this thesis statement: Thesis Statement: In order to most effectively protect user data and combat the spread of disinformation, the U.S. government should implement more stringent regulations of Facebook and other social media outlets. As you read the examples, think about what makes them different, and what makes the â€Å"best† paragraph more effective than the â€Å"better† and â€Å"poor† paragraphs. Here we go: A Poor Argument Example Body Paragraph: Data mining has affected a lot of people in recent years. Facebook has 2.23 billion users from around the world, and though it would take a huge amount of time and effort to make sure a company as big as Facebook was complying with privacy regulations in countries across the globe, adopting a common framework for privacy regulation in more countries would be the first step. In fact, Mark Zuckerberg himself supports adopting a global framework for privacy and data protection, which would protect more users than before. What’s Wrong With This Example? First, let’s look at the thesis statement. Ask yourself: does this make a claim that some people might agree with, but others might disagree with? The answer is yes. Some people probably think that Facebook should be regulated, while others might believe that’s too much government intervention. Also, there are definitely good, reliable sources out there that will help this writer prove their argument. So this paper is off to a strong start! Unfortunately, this writer doesn’t do a great job proving their thesis in their body paragraph. First, the topic sentence- aka the first sentence of the paragraph- doesn’t make a point that directly supports the position stated in the thesis. We’re trying to argue that government regulation will help protect user data and combat the spread of misinformation, remember? The topic sentence should make a point that gets right at that, instead of throwing out a random fact about data mining. Second, because the topic sentence isn’t focused on making a clear point, the rest of the paragraph doesn’t have much relevant information, and it fails to provide credible evidence that supports the claim made in the thesis statement. For example, it would be a great idea to include exactly what Mark Zuckerberg said! So while there’s definitely some relevant information in this paragraph, it needs to be presented with more evidence. A Better Argument Example Body Paragraph: Over the past several years, one of the biggest consequences of the lack of regulation of social media platforms has been the mining of Facebook user data, which has been exposed by the news media and the U.S. government. Investigations by the Federal Trade Commission (F.T.C.) have shown that Facebook allowed its data-sharing partners to mine user data without disclosing this information to Facebook users. Specifically, Facebook allowed Cambridge Analytica, a political data firm, to gather the personal information of tens of millions of people- information the firm then used to aid a particular 2016 presidential campaign. In the future, increased government regulation of Facebook’s data sharing partnerships could prevent such things from happening. What’s Wrong With This Example? This paragraph is a bit better than the first one, but it still needs some work. The topic sentence is a bit too long, and it doesn’t make a point that clearly supports the position laid out in the thesis statement. The reader already knows that mining user data is a big issue, so the topic sentence would be a great place to make a point about why more stringent government regulations would most effectively protect user data. There’s also a problem with how the evidence is incorporated in this example. While there is some relevant, persuasive evidence included in this paragraph, there’s no explanation of why or how it is relevant. Remember, you can’t assume that your evidence speaks for itself: you have to interpret its relevance for your reader. That means including at least a sentence that tells your reader why the evidence you’ve chosen proves your argument. A Best- But Not Perfect!- Argument Example Body Paragraph: Though Facebook claims to be implementing company policies that will protect user data and stop the spread of misinformation, its attempts have been unsuccessful compared to those made by the federal government. When PricewaterhouseCoopers conducted a Federal Trade Commission-mandated assessment of Facebook’s partnerships with Microsoft and the makers of the Blackberry handset in 2013, the team found limited evidence that Facebook had monitored or even checked that its partners had complied with Facebook’s existing data use policies. In fact, Facebook’s own auditors confirmed the PricewaterhouseCoopers findings, despite the fact that Facebook claimed that the company was making greater attempts to safeguard users’ personal information. In contrast, bills written by Congress have been more successful in changing Facebook’s practices than Facebook’s own company policies have. According to The Washington Post, The Honest Ads Act of 2017 â€Å"created public demand for transparency and changed how social media companies disclose online political advertising.† These policy efforts, though thus far unsuccessful in passing legislation, have nevertheless pushed social media companies to change some of their practices by sparking public outrage and negative media attention. Why This Example Is The Best This paragraph isn’t perfect, but it is the most effective at doing some of the things that you want to do when you write an argumentative essay. First, the topic sentences get to the point . . . and it’s a point that supports and explains the claim made in the thesis statement! It gives a clear reason why our claim in favor of more stringent government regulations is a good claim: because Facebook has failed to self-regulate its practices. This paragraph also provides strong evidence and specific examples that support the point made in the topic sentence. The evidence presented shows specific instances in which Facebook has failed to self-regulate, and other examples where the federal government has successfully influenced regulation of Facebook’s practices for the better. Perhaps most importantly, though, this writer explains why the evidence is important. The bold sentence in the example is where the writer links the evidence back to their opinion. In this case, they explain that the pressure from Federal Trade Commission and Congress- and the threat of regulation- have helped change Facebook for the better. Why point out that this isn’t a perfect paragraph, though? Because you won’t be writing perfect paragraphs when you’re taking timed exams either. But get this: you don’t have to write perfect paragraphs to make a good score on AP exams or even on an essay you write for class. Like in this example paragraph, you just have to effectively develop your position by appropriately and convincingly relying on evidence from good sources. Top 3 Takeaways For Writing Argumentative Essays This is all great information, right? If (when) you have to write an argumentative essay, you’ll be ready. But when in doubt, remember these three things about how to write an argumentative essay, and you’ll emerge victorious: Takeaway #1: Read Closely and Carefully This tip applies to every aspect of writing an argumentative essay. From making sure you’re addressing your prompt, to really digging into your sources, to proofreading your final paper...you’ll need to actively and pay attention! This is especially true if you’re writing on the clock, like during an AP exam. Takeaway #2: Make Your Argument the Focus of the Essay Define your position clearly in your thesis statement and stick to that position! The thesis is the backbone of your paper, and every paragraph should help prove your thesis in one way or another. But sometimes you get to the end of your essay and realize that you’ve gotten off topic, or that your thesis doesn’t quite fit. Don’t worry- if that happens, you can always rewrite your thesis to fit your paper! Takeaway #3: Use Sources to Develop Your Argument- and Explain Them Nothing is as powerful as good, strong evidence. First, make sure you’re finding credible sources that support your argument. Then you can paraphrase, briefly summarize, or quote from your sources as you incorporate them into your paragraphs. But remember the most important part: you have to explain why you’ve chosen that evidence and why it proves your thesis. What's Next? Once you’re comfortable with how to write an argumentative essay, it’s time to learn some more advanced tips and tricks for putting together a killer argument. Keep in mind that argumentative essays are just one type of essay you might encounter. That’s why we’ve put together more specific guides on how to tackle IB essays, SAT essays, and ACT essays. But what about admissions essays? We’ve got you covered. Not only do we have comprehensive guides to the Coalition App and Common App essays, we also have tons of individual college application guides, too. You can search through all of our college-specific posts by clicking here. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Ashley Robinson About the Author Ashley Sufflà © Robinson has a Ph.D. in 19th Century English Literature. As a content writer for PrepScholar, Ashley is passionate about giving college-bound students the in-depth information they need to get into the school of their dreams. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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