When the airway passages reacts

Asthma is a chronic disease of the lung. Asthma is an occasional constriction of the airways caused by inflammation   lined with excessive mucus (â€Å"Asthma Facts†, 1996-2007).It is a controllable chronic lung disease but it is not a curable one. The swelling causes the airways to be very susceptible to different environmental irritants.When the airway passages reacts to the environmental irritants, the muscles surrounding it contracts and causes the airways to get narrow and more swollen and produce more mucus making the air difficult to move in and out of the lung tissues that causes difficulty in breathing and coughing. (â€Å"Asthma Facts†, 1996-2007).Asthma can affect people of all ages and races but they are often seen and diagnose in children. Children with family history of asthma have high risk of having this lung disease than those who haven’t had history in their family (â€Å"Asthma†, 2006).The prevalence is more often on young boys than yo ung girls but this changes in adult life because woman are more affected than man (â€Å"Asthma†, 2006). There are also some risk factors that may contribute in the progress of this lung disease. The risk factors are the following (â€Å"Asthma†, 1998): (1) Exposure to second hand smoke such as cigarette smoking.Pregnant woman should avoid smoking because of the content of the cigarette or tobacco can be passed on to the fetus. Infants or children of different ages should be protected by their mother from second hand smoke because study shows that children that are lessen are not merely expose to second hand smoke are more protected or has a lower possibility of developing an asthma (Huggins, 2007). Study also shows that nowadays, children ages 18 below have asthma (Huggins, 2007).Protection from the second hand smoke is needed because those substances or cigarette content can have harmful effects on the fetus or children especially in the development of their lungs; ( 2) Having parents with asthma is also a big factor. This lung disease can also be hereditary.Parents must be taking care of themselves or should take the necessary medications to lessen or alleviate the possibility of the development of asthma of their children; (3) Low birth weight can also contribute to the development of this disease.

John Locke of Poor Reform and Workhouses Essay

The reading for this week addresses Locke’s understanding of the relationship between the poor and the capable citizens in society. He stated explicitly in his second treatise on government, the importance of work and labor in order to assess a person’s worth. Locke believes that man is not meant to be idle and that the purpose of existence is to live in the image of God and work towards a life of moral bounds and labor upon the earth making it more beneficial to all those who enjoy its benefits. During the century that Locke is writing, about 50-70% of the population is extremely poor. There seemed to be no freedoms unless the institution of waged labor came into question. Waged labor during this time was not much better than being a slave and in many ways is just an extension of slavery. In order to combat the growing problem of the poor in the England cities, Locke proposes the idea of workhouses which would be the equivalent of reform schools. In these institutions, young people of the poor or incapacitated nature would learn tangible skills that they can then use in their homes or that they could use in order to attain a job. Education is very important to Locke because it is one of the main differences between rich/ able bodied and the poor. In my opinion, it is because of the lack of extensive education that the numbers of poor during this century in English history skyrocketed instead of declining as more jobs and resources became available. According to Locke, a major factor in the high numbers of poor is the fact that they are simply idle or lazy and do not want to work hard in order to attain money or land. For some citizens, things of this nature come automatically due to inheritances and things of that nature and presents Locke with a parallel of poor with no means of moving up and the rich with any intent of sharing the wealth and / or knowledge. Rather than poor people, idleness seems to be the root of all evil and the proposal of the English workhouses serve as a remedy to that problem. The sort of public school training that they would provide would give them the opportunity to learn skills that would be used in waged labor so that the poor could be re-entered into society. When referring to the issue of how to address the poor, Locke states that at some point everyone must be trusted to govern themselves and that all able-bodied men are made so by being able to be taught to be good, virtuous, and hard working. Other than spinning and knitting and things of that nature the papers of the purpose, structure, and ends of the development of workhouses does not discuss the formal education of the subjects with regards to curriculum. Because there cannot be accommodations made for any member of society all people should be treated on relatively equal bounds and all should have the opportunity to labor and work in order to combat idleness which is the devil’s playground. I think an important aspect of Locke’s philosophy is the idea that children are property of the public and it is the public’s responsibility to make sure that they have the means to train and educate them so that they will grow up to be able-bodied virtuous citizens. This concept holds true today in that in the United States children are required to go through school until a certain age in order to ensure that they will be able to contribute to society at large.

The Wars, Earth, Wind, Fire, and Water

In the book the wars Timothy uses the elements of earth, wind, fire and as double sided meanings were one is the challenge of war and one is the strategy Robert used the element to keep him sane. If we look at earth for Roberts soldier side. We can see that it is always refereed to the mud, which was one of the soldier’s greatest enemies. It caused many soldiers to drown as well as slow down soldiers during artillery strikes. For Roberts’s normal side we see how he frees Rodwells toad in the mud showing earth’s nature side. The Earth at one point traps Robert making Robert have to struggle free harder and harder faster and faster causing Robert to be temporary blind from the gas. The earth also resembled Roberts’s love for nature since he used animals to resemble the people he knew to keep some sanity during the war this though led to Roberts blindness at the end of the war. Robert blinded himself so much in the belief that he used this to save the horses, which was one of the first things he ever killed losing his innocence. I believe this was Roberts way of saying he wanted his innocence back and wasn’t able to keep the soldier face on any more. Finley also uses the air as an element for its life giving properties or the unluckiness of bringing deathly gases. During the war Robert uses the air to see his childhood †¦the mist was filled with rabbits and Rowena and his father and his mother and the whole of his past life—birth and death and childhood. He could breathe them in and breathe them out. †(p. 14). During the battles of war though Robert is constantly running and hiding from the air to live but at the same time everytime he breaths he remembers his home, â€Å"Slithering over the crater’s rim—a pale blue fog appeared. Like a veil his mother might’ve worn. †(P. 137). From this I believe he uses the air to think for what he has to live for at home. He uses this to stay sane as well as give him something to live for increasing his chances of survival. At the ending of the book they say you can see the air he his breathing which is Robert finally being home as his own sane self. For fire it is both chaos as well as what brings back Roberts human side. In the barn Robert suffers serious burns to the face which is supposed to resemble his soldier face disappearing. After his time in the hospital Robert lives a normal life away from war where we can finally see him smiling in a photo of him with his burnt face.

Boston Red Sox Spring Training Stadium Essay

Figure 1 the center of gravity model According to the requirement from City Council Members, the weighted of important places (included the Population Center) had ranked in the table above. The highest weight mean the important of that location. Therefore, according to the center gravity model, the best result of the training stadium site is the red dot in the figure 1. 2) Weighted Scoring Model Table 2 Calculation of Weight Scoring Model (Considering the Cost) According to table, the best stadium site from all the candidate would be Site C, because the weighted score of Site C is the highest among all Sites. However, the weight ranked by the important of the issues in the future. On the other hand, the Site C does not include the Cost of the Land, because it is a wetland and preserve area, so that it is not fair to other sites, which they have the land cost. Therefore, I come up with the new Table that not consider the cost of the land. Table 3 Calculation of Weight Scoring Model (without Considering the Land Cost) Therefore, it turn out to be that the Site D has the best score among all the sites. PS: The minus sign means the value is negative because it is a cost. 3) Combine the result from Center of Gravity Model and Weight Scoring Model Accord to the answers from Figure1 and Table3, the best result would be the Stadium Site A because it in between the â€Å"Best Point† and the weight scoring is nearly the same as site-D 4) Final Recommendation According to these analysis and modeling, the best site would be the Site A  for two reasons. First, Site A is closed to two major Shopping Malls, which this could provide the jobs in the area and generate more revenue in the area. Second, it is very close to the Interstate 75 (I-75) which means it is very easy to access the stadium from the Airport and the stadium would be the new landmark for the city, because the stadium would huge enough for seeing from the I-75. However, the cost of the utility is highest among those sites, but for the long-run with revenue that generate from the long lease with Red Sox team, it is a guarantee that the revenue will cover all the cost and generate a really nice profit for the city. Therefore, Site A is the best suite for the new Boston Red Sox Spring Training Stadium that generate the better economic in the local businesses in the shopping malls and area around there and also created the new landmark for the city that is very easy to access from the interstate 75.

Oppressive Government Essay

As humans we have shared fundamental needs. Take personal survival as an example. To meet this need we must ensure our safety from the violence of each other and from the violence of people who are not members of our society. The mechanism to serve . . . this . . . goal is a government.’ Because I agree with Thomas Attig, I must affirm the topic that ‘an oppressive government is more desirable than no government.’ Before I continue, I’d like to define a few key terms in the topic. [All definitions are from American Heritage.] Oppressive is defined as unjust or difficult to bear. Government is the exercise of authority in a political unit. Desirable is defined as worth having or seeking, as by being useful or advantageous. Since the topic asks us to evaluate the most desirable situation for humanity, my Value Premise is Individual Welfare. In order to achieve individual welfare, my criteria are 1)The preservation of social order 2)The fulfillment of fundamental needs. The only way in which to ensure individual welfare is to maintain societal stability while at the same time protecting the individual. My first contention is that an oppressive government is more desirable than no government because government, in any form, provides certain advantages that are impossible for the state of nature to provide. (1)First of all, a government provides individuals with external security. In other words, the mere existence of a government allows for society as a whole to have a defense mechanism against foreign powers because a  government must provide such protection in order to preserve itself. The absence of a government, however, would leave individuals defenseless from outside aggressors. Any government, oppressive or not, provides for this basic external security, which is a prerequisite to securing fundamental needs. (2)Secondly, government possesses the ability to maintain order within society. As Austin Fagothey states ‘Anarchists think that society can get along without authority, but this opinion is too optimistic; for what is socially good for us is not known equally for all; benefits and burdens must be distributed to all, and someone must choose among various means the ones to be cooperatively used.’ Thus even if a government is oppressive, it still acts as an enforcement mechanism by regulating interaction between individuals and preventing them from encroaching on each other’s rights, therefore securing a greater degree of freedom for individuals. George Crowder concurs that ‘Government is able to secure an area of free choice by forcibly preventing others from encroaching upon it.’ In contrast, the state of nature lacks this common judge to settle disputes and is therefore perpetually insecure for individuals. Even if some order exists without government, it cannot be maintained for any significant period of time because conflicts will inevitably occur over finite resources. Thus oppressive governments provide for the protection of fundamental needs that individuals lack in the state of nature due to the lack of adjudication. (3)Third, individuals are generally guaranteed a minimal protection of life under an oppressive government. Oppressive governments are not primarily concerned with taking away life because by systematically killing all of their subjects, such governments would be diminishing their own power. A. John Simmons agrees that ‘the attempt to get another in one’s power indicates precisely an intention not to kill but rather only to control or use another in some way . . .. [This attempt] shows a design only on their freedom, not on their lives (since [individuals] are valueless without their lives).’ Although oppressive governments have been known to violate life in certain instances, individuals can avoid such persecution by not speaking out against the government. Thus individuals at least know how to secure  their rights under oppression whereas in the state of nature, no such method to protect rights exists. Oppressive systems therefore generally ensure protection of life because individuals know how to avoid any governmental encroachments. Thus society under an oppressive government is more desirable because it ensures a minimum protection of rights that the negative can in no way ensure. My second contention is that an oppressive government is more desirable than no government because society with an oppressive government is more conducive to reform. If we examine the topic, oppression is going to occur on both sides. Thus it’s important to weigh the risks involved. (1)First of all, an oppressive system possesses more potential for reform. Under an oppressive government, all individuals know who their common enemy is, and they are aware of the origin of the threat to their liberty. Simply because of this awareness, individuals are able to unite more effectively against this one consolidation of power. Vicente Medina explains that in an oppressive government, ‘we would be able to appeal to those [established] rules without resulting to violence, whereas under an anarchical state of affairs the actual threat of violence would undermine the development of an ethical and legal community, and consequently the development of our moral capacities.’ [Moreover, the oppression invoked by a government may be merely short term.] Thus more potential for change exists under an oppressive government because it would be much easier to reform the existing system than it would be to create an entirely new system. (2)(2) Secondly, the state of nature, in contrast, has more potential for oppression. The absence of a government allows for conflicts to exist on many levels. Individuals, groups, and organizations would constantly be involved in variety of struggles, and each group would be vying for its own selfish interests. The state of nature is therefore characterized by a lack of unity. Because individuals are so divided in this state of nature, it becomes virtually impossible to unite and achieve a consensus on establishing a government. Thus the lack of unification hinders the pursuit of establishing a just system. Individuals’ needs and the social structure  are therefore best protected under an oppressive government, which possesses a greater possibility for reform, therefore ensuring a great degree of individual welfare.

The spread of pathogens Week 7 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The spread of pathogens Week 7 - Coursework Example Some diseases such as HIV/AIDS and genital herpes are sexually transmitted diseases and their pathogens spread when the body service of infected persons touches that of a healthy person. Avoiding contacting body fluids from infected people can abate the spread through body contact. In addition, safe sexual intercourse should be encouraged to stop the spread of HIV/AIDs. Eating undercooked or raw food, or drinking water contaminated by sewage means you take huge numbers of pathogens straight to your stomach. In most cases, contaminated water contains cholera pathogens while contaminated food contains Salmonella. Living in hygienic conditions is a significant step towards preventing contamination of food and water. Additionally, foods should be properly cooked. Vectors are animals or insects that spread disease- causing pathogens from an infected host to a healthy one. In this case, the vector is not infected with the disease. Pathogens such as plasmodium (malaria) and dysentery are transmitted by mosquito and housefly respectively. Spread of pathogens through vectors can be reduced by preventing multiplication of vectors or completely eliminating them. Mosquito can be prevented by sleeping under treated mosquito

Ow hospitals in the health care industries have used new media Essay

Ow hospitals in the health care industries have used new media technology and study the social effects and cultural impact of th - Essay Example In the last quarter of 20th Century computer has started to play its role in communication and with passage of time a new term emerged in the field of communication. This new term was â€Å"New Media†. New media technology is any type of application intended to transmit information through digital techniques, computerized systems or data networks. New media technology is normally associated with information transfers meant to be manipulated in some way. The most common examples of new media technologies consist of Internet-based concepts like websites or digital mediums such as CD-ROMs and DVDs. Anything that is considered old media, such as television, film or paper-based products, are not part of new media. According to Donna Chu (2009, p 337), ‘Although there is a growing literature on new media (Hassan & Thom as, 2006), there is little consensus on what it will actually bring us (see Gauntlett & Horsley, 2004; Lister, 2003). ..... The unsettling debates are largely d ue to the lack of concrete details and contextualized understandings of how new media are actually used on an everyday basis.’ According to experts New Media will be able to alter the meaning of geographic distance. Furthermore it will allow for a huge increase in the volume of communication and provide the possibility of increasing the speed of communication. It will also provide opportunities for interactive communication. The rise of new media has improved communication between people all over the world and the Internet. It has allowed people to communicate blogs, websites, pictures, and other media. The new media industry shares an open association with different market segments such as software/video game design, television, radio, and mainly movies, advertising and marketing. Again Donna Chu (2009, p 338 & 339) is of the opinion that, ‘There are high hopes that new interactive media will add impetus to various social movements. It is in this light that new media a re cultivating a new social space, which is often linked to Habermas’ public sphere (Habermas, Lennox, & Lennox, 1 974), albeit in a virtual sense. Yet as noted by Papacharissi (2002), public space should not be confused with the public sphere. That new media provide forums for political deliberation does not automatically lead to the formation of a public sphere that facilitates democratic discussion. A crucial difference lies in the nature and quality of discussion found on the Internet (Fung, 2002; Tsaliki, 2002). In an era when new media is giving birth to a new social order, studies of the many for forms of collective behavio(u)r in evidence will yield a deeper understanding of how new customs and conventions are being created and maintained.’ Presenting Singapore as a model Terence Lee (2003, p 84) states that, ‘At present, Singapore's e-citizen portal, www.ecitizen.gov.sg, provides the best illustration of Singapore's successes in e-govemment. Launched in April 1999, the e-citizen website offers more than 180 e-services grouped in 16 online units based on categories that address family life, health, housing, education, employment, transport and other day-to-day issues (IDA, 2001).’ From the above paragraphs and quotations it is clear that new media is making huge inroad in the modern world. After looking at different aspects of new media, we will

Retail Design and Retail Merchandising Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Retail Design and Retail Merchandising - Thesis Example The retail business group has been at the receiving end of numerous innovations that are being produced in the process of the evolution of architectural features. Foremost of these are those new technologies and theories that will help attract new and retain current customers for future business operations. In addition, the profile of the modern customer has also evolved and diversified, demanding more from their purchases and more from the establishment that they get these merchandises from. The offshoot is that retail specific features have become essential to creating a competitive edge over business rivals. Generally, the two major design components that a retailers store must focus on are i) the physical design of the interior (walls, structures, etc.) and ii) The design of a favorable environment for effective visual communications.(Retail Systems, n.d.) Thus a good retail unit must be able to create the synergy between technologies and design to achieve optimal delivery of consumer service and increased margins in the business. Some of the specific inventions in retail system designs are (i) reliable and secure systems based on efficient automation and (ii) environmentally friendly and cost effective solutions (Salvador, et al., 2006). Every retail store needs to address multiple aspects of design issues ranging from systems that ensure customer retention to the mechanisms that effectively monitor shoplifting and employee pilferage. The most basic aspect in providing a memorable shopping experience for the customer is keeping the store and its surroundings neat and clean. Though thorough maintenance is the least expensive method in attracting and retaining the customers, it is found to be the most difficult to effectively implement and maintain. The above facts highlights why lighting is crucial in the design of the retail

Bbus leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bbus leadership - Essay Example Some of the CSR initiatives which are undertaken by majority of the companies are donation to charities, implementation of carbon emission controlled processes, sponsorships of awards, philanthropic actions, business code of conduct, cause associated marketing, eco-efficiency and many more (Hansen, 34). With the advent of time, the organizations have realized that they can compete effectively by allocating sufficient amount of resources in CSR activities. There are few companies who have initiated environmental reporting trend so that they can disclose information about the measures undertaken by them to highlight their eco-friendly projects (Philips, 12). For biotechnology companies, it is crucial to make it evident that the waste eliminated from their processes is disposed off in an appropriate manner and there are various measures undertaken to control the carbon emission content. Additionally, they are required to adhere to the waste recycling laws to comply with the ethical business code of conduct (Werther and David, 23). Monsanto is among the leading biotechnology companies which has the reputation of being a prevailing player in the commercial GE (Genetically engineered) crops. It has been the innovator and also the leader in the sustainable agriculture. The organization aggressively publicizes the implementation of its technology as the main driver of its goal attainment. It has done advertisement about some of its CSR activities such as conformance to the production of food in an adequate manner, efficient responsiveness to the global warming issue and controlling the negative effects of the agriculture on environment (Union of Concerned Scientists, 1-5). In reality, the company has been unsuccessful in creating an eco-friendly business as it has engaged its production processes in an array of anti-CSR activities. The eight vital constituents of the company’s business show that it is not playing an important role in the

Describe the elements of the communication process and explain the Term Paper

Describe the elements of the communication process and explain the process of interpersonal communication. Discuss the Barriers - Term Paper Example As a sender, he can talk directly to the employees, or send an email requesting to have a meeting with them on a particular date. In this case, the perception of the receiver on the message sent influences the manner in which communication is interpreted, received and responded to. For that reason, the sender should be fully aware of the purpose of the communication and the receiver’s aptitude to decode and comprehend the message as far as interest and language is concerned (Hesse par 2). The Message Messages take various forms and can include signs, symbols or words. To avoid distortion, the sender must ensure that the message is simple and clear. Moreover, the receiver should take care of the body language such as facial expression if the message is to be communicated verbally. Finally, the sender must consider the abilities and the competence of the receiver, when creating a message, to reduce barriers that might hinder effective communication (Priya 5-6). For example, a ma nager who needs information from an employee on how to increase profits and heighten employee retention must ensure that he or she communicates in a language that the worker understands. Additionally, he must make sure that the employee is competent enough in that area; hence, the ideas given are credible enough to be taken into consideration. The Channel Priya (5) assert that the channels of communication play an imperative role in communication; hence, senders should select an appropriate channel or medium of communication to ensure that the message is not distorted. Examples of channels of communication are e-mail, phones, radio, television and internet among others. If an advertiser decides to place an advert in the radio or television, for instance, he should consider the audience or the people who will listen or see the advert. In that case, he must ensure that the intended people get to listen to the advert, and that the right language is used to avoid misinterpretation. It i s essential for businesses to choose when and how they will send their messages. A building society can, for example, only send messages about a new product to their members by email or text if that is the agreed channel of communication. It should be understood that sending of messages through the internet to persons who cannot receive an email results to miscommunication. Receiver The receiver or the decoder is the person who is responsible for decoding or extracting the meaning from the message conveyed. He or she ensures that a feedback is sent to the sender, and his work is mainly to interpret the message. In that case, for the message to be effectively understood and right feedback given, the receiver should be able to read and understand what has been written down. If not, this may lead to distortion of the message by the decoder, and an equally wrong feedback (Priya 5-6). Feedback Feedback is the most vital element in the communication process as it helps in determining whet her the receiver grasped the intended meaning. Without a feedback, the communication process remains incomplete. For instance, when one sends a short message through the phone to a friend and fails to get a feedback, it is likely that the intended recipient did not get the message, or did not understand it. In that case, the language used is imperative and both parties should communicate in a

Enviornmental Hazard Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Enviornmental Hazard - Term Paper Example Oloruntoba(2005) points out that tsunami often moves in all directions and when the huge waves surge into the land, it takes place in different countries and different populations at the same time. Evidently, each culture has different needs as they differ greatly in socio-economic and cultural conditions. So, it becomes necessary for the various relief and donor agencies to adapt themselves according to the environment. As a result, it takes a comparatively longer time for them to get a complete picture of the disaster and the needs. It is pointed out by Oloruntoba that as the destruction is usually large scale, there arise issues in logistics and coordination. To support the claim, the scholar points out that in the 26 December 2004 tsunami, a landing plane hit a cow on the runway causing a blocked runway for many hours in Banda Aceh. According to Oloruntoba (2005) where there is such large scale destruction, the coordination of the relief response in a large geographical area by v arious international and national agencies becomes a difficult task. Two immediate needs when such a disaster occurs are to evacuate the people to safer places and to repair the roads and infrastructure to reach the place of disaster. In addition, there should be measures to prevent spread of diseases and to ensure food and water. However, when the relief operations are not focused on these tasks, there arises a difference between the needed relief and the provided relief. Oloruntoba (2005) points out a factor that no other scholar in this review seemed to have pointed out. That is, often, the promised donations and funds are not delivered by the donors. As Oloruntoba (2005) pointed out, in Darfur, Western Sudan, only one third of the promised financial aids were received after Hurricane Mitch. Here, it seems that Oloruntoba does not look into the fact that NGOs too can lack in communication and coordination abilities. For example, Nisha Sahai Achuthan, on the third anniversary of D ecember 24 tsunami, looked into the way NGOs work in the State of Tamil Nadu in India where there was a lot of destruction. Achuthan (2009) points out that when the scholar contacted one NGO named n-Logue, it was found that despite their claims of having 1500 internet and voice service kiosks in the tsunami hit areas, they could not provide any information about the locations of these kiosks. Admittedly, the work by Nigel Martin (2007) provides a better insight into as to what goes wrong in nations like Indonesia and India in the case of disaster management. It is pointed out that the very first reason for failure is government information systems and management failure. Though the Indian Air Force was informed about the earthquake and tsunami in 2004 at about 7.30 am that day, the crisis management group of Indian government held its meeting at 1.00 pm, exactly five and a half hours after the initial alert. Similar was the situation of Indonesia too. In the view of Martin (2007), t hough Indonesia was alerted by the US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, the country seemed to have taken no steps at all. Admittedly, all the scholars point out the fact that the existing political situation in the affected area will have a serious impact on the quality of service provided. When there is discrimination in the existing social system, it becomes a difficult task for the international organizations to offer unbiased attention. The last two

No topic Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

No topic - Coursework Example The video implicitly states that a virtuous individual follows orders that are in enforced often externally. The video also notes that this statement is in conflict with Kant’s ideology about these orders being enforced from inside the virtuous individual. As a result, Kant calls this self-enforced order a categorical imperative. The example of an intruding murderer scheduled by formulating orders for the viewer concerning the most ethical decision one â€Å"ought† to make. Turning the basis of this decision into a universal law is important for a categorical imperative as identified by Kant. These main points built the argument in the video by demonstrating how a single responsibility supersedes another. By demonstrating the possible outcomes of lying to the murderer, the video shows how Absolutism is holistic by denying any exceptions. This argument is sound in the sense that it does not allow any exceptions in any situation. However, when there are no ethical principles to consider exceptions, then there lacks any means of solving ethical predicaments, which are situations involving two or more conflicting ethical

U.S. Supreme Court review of Gideon v. Wainwright Essay

U.S. Supreme Court review of Gideon v. Wainwright - Essay Example No history of the right to counsel could be complete without a discussion of Gideon v. Wainwright - one of the best-known and most significant right to counsel decisions rendered by the Supreme Court. The Warren Court's landmark 1963 opinion in Gideon revisited the issue confronted twenty years earlier in Betts v. Brady - the scope of an indigent defendant's constitutional entitlement to government-provided assistance in state court. The Gideon Court's straightforward, unanimous holding constituted the last major step in the historical expansion of the constitutional right to counsel in America. Its forceful reasoning elevated the status of the right to counsel to new heights, giving it an honored place as the most fundamental of all rights guaranteed to the accused.Mr. Gideon was charged with the crime of breaking and penetrating a poolroom with the aim to commit a misdemeanor. He appeared in court without an attorney. Because he could not afford to have a lawyer, he claimed that th e judge appoint counsel. The judge did not accept the request, informing him that Florida law permitted appointed counsel only in capital cases. In the trial that followed, Gideon made an opening statement, cross-examined government witnesses, called his own witnesses, declined to testify, and made a short closing argument. The jury found him guilty, and he was sentenced to five years in prison. The Florida Supreme Court denied a petition for a writ of habeas corpus. To reconsider the issue resolved in Betts v. Brady, the Supreme Court granted review. The Court first observed that the facts of Betts and Gideon were so similar that the holding of Betts, if still good law, would require rejection of Gideon's contention that he had a due process entitlement to appointed counsel. The Court then declared, however, that after reconsidering the Betts holding, it had decided that it should be overruled. According to the Gideon Court, the fundamental nature of the right to counsel had been established in Powell v. Alabama - ten years before Betts was decided. Although the Powell Court had limited its holding to the particular circumstances of the case, "its conclusions about the fundamental nature of the right to counsel [were] unmistakable" (cited in Van Gerven 97). Moreover, in subsequent cases, including Johnson v. Zerbst, the Court had made it clear that the assistance of counsel was " 'necessary to insure basic human rights of life and liberty.' " By failing to acknowledge that the assistance of counsel is always essential for a fair trial and concluding that the " 'appointment of counsel is not a fundamental right,' " the Court's opinion in Betts v. Brady "made an abrupt break with its well-considered precedents" (ibid.). In so doing, it had erred. Precedent was not the only reason to declare Betts misguided. "[R]eason and reflection" also led to the "obvious truth" that "in our adversary system of criminal justice, any person haled into court, who is too poor to hire a lawyer, cannot be assured a fair trial unless counsel is provided for him" (cited in Garcia 70). After all, the government deems it essential to have lawyers prosecute criminal cases, and few criminal defendants who can afford them "fail to hire the best lawyers they can get." These are "strong[] indicationsat lawyers in criminal courts are necessities, not luxuries." From the start, American law has put "great emphasis on procedural and substantive safeguards designed to assure fair trials before impartial tribunals in which every defendant stands equal before the law. This noble ideal cannot be realized if the poor man charged with crime has to face his accusers without a lawyer to assist him" (cited in Alfieri 1459). As the Powell Court had observed, the righ t to be heard would mean little if it did not include the right to be heard through counsel. Even intelligent laypersons lack the legal skill and knowledge required to adequately defend against accusations. Although they may in fact be innocent, they

Terms and Conditions May Apply (2013) Movie Review

Terms and Conditions May Apply (2013) - Movie Review Example He argues that the people are past the stage of understanding that the truth has been revealed and there is enough to move the people to action or educate them. He states that the people need the type of analysis that is usually given by the journalists. Ranging interviews that range from ACLU spokesperson to the Federal Protection Commissioner of Germany, Peter Schaar that explains what other third parties and the government can do in order to spy on an individual. The documentary is considered a provocative film rather than an informative film (Mortensen, 22). The movie employs a common mix of fresh taking head conversation and archival new clips that are enlivened by humorous animated sequences considerations from Ryan Kramer and Chris Allison to deal with two tightly knotted questions. 2) And can we, when the intentions of corporate turnover and national retreat align to affect forever more indiscreet modes of the numerical Peeping Tom Mage, hoping that they will roll the shutters back down another time? To provide the answers to the first question, Hoback provides a list of what can be considered as utter outrages or unfortunate overreach depending on the viewer’s perspective on the personal privacy. The Irish tourist with director Hoback sends a tweet message to their friend before going to a vacation in the United States insinuating that he wants to have some drinks and later â€Å"destroy America.† (Mortensen, 37). A target manager is criticized by a Minnesota father after a coupon mailing gives the daughter a discount on the maternity wear and on the baby furniture and later discovers that her daughter was already pregnant something he did not know. Another scenario is when a comic in the New York City is frustrated because of his experience at the apple genius bar. He takes this to Facebook to figure

Health policy briefing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Health policy briefing - Assignment Example The need for paying employees in such cases is also recognized by the labor law which states that the employees should be paid for the time when they fall sick and take a leave. Such rights given to the employees are neither unqualified nor unlimited. The Employment Act of 1955 states the minimum sick leave that should be provided to the employees that fall within its scope (Malaysian Employment Act 1955 - a brief, 2013). The duration of the sick leave may sometimes also depend upon the contract of employment signed by the employees. According to the Employment Act of 1955, the employer is entitled to grant leaves for 14 to 22 days, depending on the duration the employee has been working with the company. When hospitalization is involved the sick leave can be extended to 60 days. The entitlement to the sick paid leave may also be based on the medical certificate provided by the medical practitioner, or any doctor employed by the State or Federal government (Payment for sick leave, 2013). It is certain that paid sick leaves provide the employees more consistency and protection. Many employees are granted limited benefits by their employers. Where one firm allows its employees to enjoy a substantial sick leave allowance, the other one might receive no allowance at all. A law can be used for redressing this imbalance existing between organizations. It is included in the Act that the employees must be paid while they are on their sick leave, as it is their basic employment right and such type of legislation also contributes in improving the working life conditions. When the employers do not pay to the sick employees for their time off then this certainly indicates that the employees have to return back to their job in order to meet their financial commitment. If the employees are ill and they are still working then they would certainly spread the illness in the work environment. This would impose an overall dramatic influence on rest of the employees.

Culture Identity Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Culture Identity - Research Proposal Example Ethnocentricity argues that the representation of an indigenous culture by outsiders must be done with a view to portray them as they would see themselves as. Thus, the concept applied to the Inuit is that the portrayal by outsiders should be analyzed from the frame of reference that of trying to understand their views about themselves. This does not mean that any outsider’s view of the Inuit is necessarily derogatory or biased. It just means that the views presented in the article must be balanced with the perspective of this concept. As such, the terms of reference for this paper reflect the concept very much and the attempt is to find out if the articles do so. Though the title of the article may sound patronizing and condescending, it nonetheless is a good representation of the way in which the article has been developed. My opinion on this is that the article should not be judged by the title alone and the contents of the same should be scanned for a deeper reading of the article. The article goes to great lengths to delve into the eating habits of the Inuit and makes a point that the way in which they have developed their eating habits is a function of the climatic conditions that they have been used to. Thus, the use of fatty foods is not because they do not want to stay healthy or fit, but the living conditions make them eat the fatty foods in order to survive in the extremely cold conditions. Of course, the living habits of the Eskimos are detailed to a great extent to indicate the fact that their lifestyle may not be healthy and hence they need the kind of foods that they take. The tone of the article is a bit patronizing, though. My feeling is that we are unable to shake off the tendency to look at ethnic groups in more favorable terms and thus we need to ensure that the same comes through in our representation of the groups. There are umpteen sentences in the article that

An Evaluation over the Movie V for Vendetta Essay

An Evaluation over the Movie V for Vendetta - Essay Example As the discussion stresses  in the film, we are familiarized to a man known as Guy Fawkes. On November 5th of the very year, he attempted to bring down the house of parliament. Fawkes is found and before the public, he is almost hanged. We find a tremendous approach of gunshot by furious crowd beckoning their hands into the air. The gunshot from above enabled the spectators view these people metaphorically and accurately. Fawkes is putting on a shirt that is white signifying his innocence.This study highlights that through vigilant checking, motivated by montage theory, we observe two scenes edited together.   They match one another and ultimately both subject come together in the same frame. V wears his mask and Evey is in front of a mirror and started making up herself. When Evey puts off her TV, V does so. The action of the mirror points that both are travelling to the same direction. When they finally meet at the same path, V saves Evey from government officers trying to rape her. The same montage is viewed after V rescued her against the rapist. After they are separated, she reports her duty at work place, which happens to beware V; attempts to address the country live on TV. The montage sequence mirrors reflect the former with close ups.   In the end, when their paths meet the second time, it is Evey saving V.  Not all mirroring shots happening in the picture are between Evey and V. The V shots addressing on TV indicates the chancellor speaking to the nation.   Conversely, both are deliberately differently taken.  

Club It Part II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Club It Part II - Essay Example The process of selling advance tickets is not streamlined and Club IT is using old methods to do this while it can use modern methods such as online sales to sell the advance tickets. Resource evaluation Club IT has a number of resources that it can use to make sure that is able to take advantage of the market and be a market leader in its market. For instance, Club IT has a very big floor space that can hold a lot of customers at a time and this can be very important for Club IT as long as they are able to attract as many customers as possible to fill the available space every day. Club IT needs to come up with a way to increase its ability to manage its personnel and other important people who do the various jobs in the club such as the DJ and the band members. Customers Club IT needs to be able to manage its customers in a way that they are happy with the services that they receive. For Club IT to retain the current customers and attract even more, they will need to come up with a customer service model that suits the nature of the customers that they have. This will mean integrating technology in the way they serve the customers. Supply chain As McGreggor (2009) argues, supply chain is a very important aspect of any business. For Club IT, managing the supply chain especially for the kitchen supply is very important because it has a direct effect on how well Club IT is able to serve its customers. This is because the supplies needed by the kitchen will need to be fresh and always available to meet the special orders that the customers give. Solutions: serving the customers better Club IT should develop an online booking service that will allow the customers to book for services online. For instance, the system should allow the customers to access the menus and offer short orders before arriving at the club. This will be helpful because the customers will be able to make orders while they are still in the office or on their way there. The customers should als o be able to log in and see which band will be performing on that particular day and any other day in the near future. At the same time, the system should help the customers to be able to book their favorite tables at the club and have them reserved for them. Solution two: supply chain management Club IT should develop a system that will link its inventory to all its suppliers. This system should be able to not only monitor the inventory levels such as reorder levels, but also be able to share this information with the suppliers so that they can prepare to replenish Club IT’s inventory in time. The suppliers should be able to see Club IT’s inventory levels and dispatch more inventory once the reorder levels are reached. The system should also be able to connect Club IT’s staff to the supplier’s systems so that they can have first hand information such as when new and fresh orders have arrived at the supplier’s point. This will help Club IT to be ab le to manage its inventory in a better way and increase customer service. Solution three: selling advance tickets online The customers should also be able to pay online for all the services they book online. Club IT should come up with a way for the customers to pay online. Club IT should collaborate with a reliable online payment firm such as

Is Solitary Confinement Torture Essay Example for Free

Is Solitary Confinement Torture Essay Solitary Confinement is the act of placing a prisoner in a small cell, usually the size of your average bathroom, for up to 23 hours a day with one hour reserved for physical activity. The only contact the prisoner is allowed to have with the outside world is through letters. It sounds horrible, but is it torture? To answer this we have to define and set up criteria for something to be considered â€Å"torture†. I have created such a definition and criteria and have decided that for something to be considered torture it must (a) cause some sort of physical or mental pain or discomfort, and (b) must have some sort of lasting effect upon the victim. Solitary confinement is torture because it causes mental anguish and often leaves prisoners with mental illness and other mental problems that stay with them long after their prison term is over. First we have to see if solitary confinement does in fact cause some sort of physical or mental pain or discomfort. According to a Dr. Stuart Grassian, there is a specific syndrome that is persistent among solitary confinement inmates with very real and very dramatic effects. Hyperresponsivity to external stimuli, meaning the inmate becomes increasingly sensitive to sounds, movements, etc. is one of the symptoms. You get sensitive to noise the plumbing system. Someone in the tier above me pushes the button on the faucet. Its too loud, gets on your nerves. I cant stand it. I start to holler. (qtd. in Grassian 3). Other symptoms include perceptual distortions, illusions and hallucinations, panic attacks, difficulties with thinking, concentration and memory, intrusive obsessional thoughts, overt paranoia, and problems with impulse control. Grassian 3-4) If solitary confinement truly was torture, it would also need to have some sort of lasting effect on the victims. Since solitary confinement does not cause physical harm, there are no long term physical effects. However, solitary confinement causes severe psychological anguish, and results in long term effects. The studying of P. O. W. camp veterans shows that the short term effects of the Delirium-like state regress with time, but long term effects begin to surface and become noticeable. Dr.  Stuart Grassian says about long term effects of solitary confinement that â€Å"These not only include persistent symptoms of post traumatic stress (such as flashbacks, chronic hyper vigilance, and a pervasive sense of hopelessness), but also lasting personality changes especially including a continuing pattern of intolerance of social interaction, leaving the individual socially impoverished and withdrawn, subtly angry and fearful when forced into social interaction. † (13) He found an identical pattern of change in inmates that went through long periods of solitary confinement years ago (Grassian 13). For something to be considered torture it has to meet two criteria. It must (a) cause some sort of physical or mental pain or discomfort, and (b) must have some sort of lasting effect upon the victim. Solitary confinement clearly causes mental pain and discomfort. The psychological effects are so severe that they even cause inmates to physically mutilate themselves without even being aware of their actions or being able to control themselves. I cut my wrists many times in isolation. Now it seems crazy. But every time I did it, I wasnt thinking lost control cut myself without knowing what I was doing. (qtd. in Grassian 4). Solitary confinement meets the first part of the criteria in that it causes mental pain and also indirectly causes physical pain. Solitary confinement also has a lasting effect on the victim. Since solitary confinement meets the criteria for something to be considered torture, it is, in fact, torture. The Unites States constitution protects from cruel and unusual punishment, but solitary confinement is a practice implemented in prisons every day. Since it is torture, and undoubtedly cruel and unusual punishment, it should be stopped. There are more constructive and humane ways to discipline criminals no matter how severe their crime than solitary confinement. If out prison systems have to resort to torturing its prisoners and calling it discipline then there’s a problem. The prison systems in the United States are in serious need or a reform, and outlawing solitary confinement is the first step that needs to be taken.

Ed Boehm Essay Example for Free

Ed Boehm Essay Edward Marshall Boehm Inc. Case Study The Edward Marshall Boehm case talks about a company whose main objective is to produce the highest possible quality porcelain products while keeping a focus to nature. The following report will include the company’s vision and mission statement, their main objectives, a SWOT analysis and their specific plans in great detail. Edward Marshall Boehm’s vision for the company is â€Å"to capture that special moment and setting which conveys the character, charm and loveliness of a bird or animal in its natural habitat† with his highest possible quality porcelain products. His mission is similar to his vision statement in that he wants to make the world aware and protective of endangered wildlife by making them aware of nature’s charm. As stated in the introduction, the main objective is to make the highest objective porcelain products focused on nature. Other main objectives include trying to establish the company to stay profitable for the long run. The company is particularly focused on making their quality products with the purpose of raising awareness and raising a profit, rather than mass producing for quantity. With these objectives, they believe it will put them where they want to be in the long run. After reviewing the case we have completed a SWOT analysis to get a better idea of where they are headed. The company’s strengths are numerous and promise success. They use a very high quality porcelain clay equal to the finest in the world and have the skill to make many different beautiful figurines. Mr. Boehm is not only extremely artistically talented but also has unlimited knowledge about the art market. He also leads promotion for the company and possesses great merchandising skills. Mr. Boehm could be named as a strength himself. The porcelain figures are becoming increasingly recognized as unique, and irreplaceable as well as many becoming collector’s items; the most intricate have been priced at over $20,000. The weaknesses are less numerous than the strengths but are still existent. First, the figure making process is complex, including 52 steps. This makes it extremely hard when orders become numerous and they start to get backordered, it is hard to catch up because Mr. Boehm is the only artist. Considering at the time this case was written Boehm was 55 years old, it may be hard to view the long-term vision for the company because he may not be around to always be able to create the same quality products he once was able to produce. There is also the expense of creating the products, and the travels Mr. Boehm makes in order to bring back live models of his birds. The company may look at several opportunities in order to improve their company. First, they should consider expanding into international markets; doing this could get their name out there and attract more customers. Mr. Boehm should look into teaching other people how to make the same high quality figures so they are able to create more products efficiently and have less backorders. Finally they should look into selling their porcelain clay to other businesses in order to make more money. We feel that this company faces many threats. As mentioned before Mr. Boehm’s age could potentially be a threat for the businesses. The fact that they have backorders may start to frustrate the customers and cause them to stop ordering from the company because the wait isn’t worth it. A rise in the cost of materials to make the figures may cause him to raise the cost of selling them which will in turn cause the loss of customers. New competitors could always be a threat and they may find a more efficient way to get the figures to customers quickly without backorders. We have a few specific plans that will help this company continue to thrive in the future. The most important thing to do is for Mr. Boehm to train other people in his craft. This is crucial if the company is to plan for long term. Another plan is to hire more than one company to distribute the product. Right now they only have one distributor, Milton China. With more distributors he could reach a larger market. The final plan we came up with is to work on technological advancements to make the long tedious process of making the figures quicker. The largest problem of the company is that it has so many backorders, with technology they could possibly speed up the process and narrow down the amount of backorders. We feel with our analysis that Edward Marshall Boehm Inc. is in good position for the future but they could make vast improvements if they capitalize on their opportunities and focus on the specific plans we provided.

Different Types Of Portable Buildings Construction Essay

Different Types Of Portable Buildings Construction Essay Portable steel buildings are made from different components and are prefabricated at a different location. Portable steel buildings are used in an industrial environment, for various purposes, like storing equipment, shelter for workers, temporary offices and security check posts. These buildings are made from lightweight and high strength steel that ensures portability and long life. The base of these buildings has two tubular openings, which are used to lift the building with the help of a forklift. Apart from the basic steel framework, they are covered with a layer of galvanized steel for added strength and finish. The base of these buildings is covered with a thick layer of fiberglass to enable insulation against electric shocks. The interiors are designed according to the needs of the user. The floor is covered with thick plywood planks or vinyl floor tiles to give it a smooth finish. The building has openings for doors and windows, which can be fitted with metal, plastic or wooden doors and windows, as per the needs of the user. They have inbuilt fixtures and fittings for electrical wiring, telephone wiring and air conditioning. The walls and ceiling are covered with fire resistant material for added safety. Portable steel buildings are available in different sizes and can be customized according to requirements. New doors and windows can be added to the existing framework and existing door and window positions can be altered to suit different work environments. Laboratory tests conducted on steel buildings, with the help of earthquake simulation machines, have shown that these buildings are resistant to high magnitude tremors. Small steel buildings can be installed inside standard houses where family members can take shelter during an earthquake. People can stay unharmed, as the steel structure is unaffected even if the whole house collapses onto the building. Portable Modular Buildings Portable modular buildings are made from different components, which are prefabricated and assembled onsite. Modular buildings and the components for prefabricated buildings are manufactured in a controlled, factory environment. A portable modular building has all the necessary components, like walls, floor tiles, windows, plumbing, electrical wiring, heating and cooling systems. Simply put, a modular building refers to any building or structure that is pre- constructed in a factory. A modular building is very different from traditional site-constructed, permanent buildings. These structures are very versatile and are available in different shapes and sizes. They can be used for different purposes, such as school classrooms or bullet- proof security spaces. They can be used as short-term spaces or as a permanent facility. They can be used as stand-alone structures or built inside an existing structure. Most of these buildings are made from lightweight and high strength steel or aluminum. Apart from structural advantages, a portable modular building offers other benefits such as low cost, quick possession, customized quality, extension and rearrangement. The most significant advantage offered by these buildings is that, they can be assembled in a very short period. This is due to the planned, design blueprint used for building these structures. Building designs are lab tested before they are cleared for final production. This enhances quality and reduces manufacturing time and the cost. It is important to be definite about specific requirements. National and local construction standards must be followed during the installation of modular or pre-fabricated structures. The type of foundation laid during the installation process, should comply with locally prescribed model construction codes. The use of portable modular buildings will only increase in the coming years. According to research, more than 75 percent of all building constructions will use some form of pre-fabrication, within the next 10 years. Portable Commercial Buildings Portable commercial buildings consist of different components. They are prefabricated in a factory environment and assembled onsite. Components used in these buildings are manufactured according to design specifications provided. They are then delivered to preplanned building sites for installation. A portable commercial building can be customized to include different components such as walls, floor tiles, windows, plumbing, electrical wiring, heating and cooling systems. A portable commercial building refers to any building or structure that is pre- fabricated in a factory environment. Portable commercial buildings are very different from conventional steel and concrete buildings. These structures are very versatile and are available in different shapes and sizes. They can be used for a variety of purposes such as office spaces, warehouses and manufacturing units. They can be used as temporary spaces or as a permanent facility. The basic framework of most commercial buildings is made from lightweight and high strength steel or aluminum. Apart from the structural advantages, a portable commercial building offers other benefits, such as low cost, quick possession, better quality, extension and relocation. The most significant advantage offered by these buildings is that they can be assembled in a very short span of time, unlike permanent buildings. Each and every building design is tested in a laboratory before they are cleared for final production to enhance quality and reduce manufacturing time and cost. Commercial users, such as corporate organizations, need to be sure of their requirements before selecting a particular type of portable modular building. It is important to follow the construction standards prescribed by government agencies, during the installation process. The demand for portable commercial buildings is expected to increase in the coming years. Market research indicates that more than three-fourth of all building constructions will use some type of portable construction within the next ten years. Portable Wood Buildings Portable wood buildings are made from different types of wooden planks and plywood boards. They are prefabricated at a different location and assembled onsite. Portable steel buildings are used in industries as well as domestic households, for storing equipment. They can also be used as temporary workplaces, shelter rooms and security check posts. These buildings are made from lightweight and high strength wood that ensures portability and long life. These buildings are designed to provide balance and can be lifted and transferred with the help of a forklift. The exterior is coated with weather resistant paint to provide protection against water and excessive sunlight that can damage the building. The base of these buildings is made from pressure treated runners, placed on concrete blocks. Floor leveling is done with the help of pressure treated lumber and shingle scraps. The interiors can be designed according to the needs of the user. The floor is covered with thick plywood boards or vinyl floor tiles to give it a smooth finish. The building has openings for doors and windows, which can be fitted with metal, plastic or wooden doors and windows, as per the needs of the user. They can be customized to include fixtures and fittings for electrical wiring, telephone wiring and air conditioning. The walls and ceiling are covered with fire resistant material for added safety. Portable wooden buildings are available in different standard sizes and can be customized according to user requirement. New doors and windows can be added to the framework and the existing door and window positions can be altered to suit different work environments. Some manufacturers offer wooden homes as complete knocked down kits, which can be assembled onsite. Users, who want to avoid the hassles of assembling these kits, can take the help of trained personnel.

A Sentinel Event Related To Nurse Fatigue Nursing Essay

A Sentinel Event Related To Nurse Fatigue Nursing Essay 12 hour shifts, extended work periods, voluntary and mandatory overtime, and excessive workloads are all factors that dangerously contribute to nurse fatigue, which has led to a number of medication errors and sentinel events (Rogers, Hwang, Scott, Aiken, Dinges, 2004). In the 2004 study by Rogers, Hwang, Scott, Aiken, Dinges, it was found that the longer the shift, the risks for errors increases. Also, when working longer than 17 hours without sleep, nurse fatigue has been shown to demonstrate the equivalence of being under the influence with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.05% (Garrett, 2008). The effects of fatigue on nurses includes problems such as: compromised problem-solving skills, decreased attention span, delayed reaction time, memory lapses, impaired communication, and inability to focus, which are all important for nurses to be aware of in order to provide quality and safe patient care (Warren Tart, 2008). The evidences and dangers of nurse fatigue linked to adverse events from the long work hours and cumulative days of extended work hours has been greatly recognized by The Joint Commission (TJC) issuing a sentinel event alert on December 14, 2011, regarding health care worker fatigue and patient safety (The Joint Commission, 2011). So, I will be discussing the following in the paper that includes: explanation of reviewable sentinel events, a specific sentinel event related to nurse fatigue, and its root cause analysis. Explanation of Reviewable Sentinel Events As defined by TJC, a sentinel event is an unexpected occurrence involving either death, serious physical or psychological harm, or the risk thereof that prompts the need for immediate investigation and response (Sentinel Events Policy and Procedures, 2012). But, for a sentinel event to be considered reviewable, it must meet any of the following criteria: the event resulting in an unanticipated death, coma, permanent loss of function, unrelated to the natural course of the patients illness or underlying condition, or the event is one of the following, but not limited to: suicide within 72 hours of being discharged from a 24 hour care setting rape, sexual abuse/assault elopement abduction (Sentinel Events Policy and Procedures, 2012). A Specific Sentinel Event Related to Nurse Fatigue On July 5, 2006, Jasmine Gant, a pregnant 16 year old high school student, arrived with her mother at St. Marys Hospital in Madison, Wisconsin at 9:30 A.M. for her scheduled induction (Smetzer, Baker, Byrne, Cohen, 2010). The Labor and Delivery (LD) nurse assigned to care for Ms. Gant that day was Julie Thao, 41 years old. Mrs. Thao had been working at St. Marys Hospital since 1993, and worked in the LD department for 15 years. The day before July 5, 2006, Mrs. Thao had voluntarily worked a double shift for a total of 16 hours or more to cover for the units short staff. Mrs. Thao was extremely fatigued by the end of her shift that ended at midnight. She spent the night at the hospital to avoid her hour long commute home and because she was due for her next shift at 7 A.M. So on the morning of July, 5, 2006, the very fatigued nurse Mrs. Thao started her shift caring for one expectant mother. When Ms. Gant presented at the LD unit later that morning, Mrs. Thao spent time with her and her mother completing the admission process that is done with every admitting patient. However, Mrs. Thao did not apply a bar-coded identification band to Ms. Gants arm at this time (Smetzer, Baker, Byrne, Cohen, 2010). When discussing pain management, Ms. Gant expressed the possibility of wanting to use epidural, which Mrs. Thao would relay the message to the obstetrician. At 11:30 A.M., Ms. Gants physician arrived to her room to rupture her amniotic membrane. The physician told Mrs. Thao that he planned to check back before determining with the patient the need for epidural. In the meantime, he had ordered Pitocin, Lactated Ringers (LR) solution, and intravenous (IV) penicillin to treat a strep infection that Ms. Gant had. While Mrs. Thao was in the room, the patient communicated to her that she was anxious about receiving epidural. So, Mrs. Thao thought it would be a good idea to retrieve epidural solution, Bupivacaine, to show the patient and in anticipation since the Anesthesiologist would get upset for not having it readily available. Now, St. Marys Hospital had just started transitioning and training the employees in using the newly installed bar coded medication administration system. Apparently, the hospital was currently having problems with it, so the nurses were instructed to give the medications when needed and document them manually. Well, Mrs. Thao bypassed the system to remove the Bupivacaine, which she also did not have authorization or permission to do so for that medication. Then, she gathered the LR solution and Pitocin before walking back into the patients room. On the way, another nurse handed her the IV penicillin. When Mrs. Thao entered the patients room, she sat the supplies on the counter and began to prepare and initiate the IV infusion. Carelessly, Mrs. Thao made the fatal mistake and grabbed the epidural solution instead of the penicillin, both looking very similar in appearance, administering it intravenously into Ms. Gants arm. Unknowingly of the mistake she had just done that would soon c ost her nursing career and her patients life, Mrs. Thao went on to rewinding the tape on the birthing process to play for the patient, her mother, and the babys father who had just showed up creating lots of tension. Within minutes, the patients mother terrifyingly screamed for mercy. At this point, her daughter was in respiratory distress, seizing, and into a cardiac arrest. The frantic nurse immediately called the rapid response team and code blue. Every effort was made to resuscitate Ms. Gant, but she remained asystolic. Ms. Gant was immediately taken to the operating room to have an emergency cesarean section where the physicians delivered an 8 pound healthy baby boy. The health care team continued resuscitating Ms. Gant, but was pronounced dead by 1:43 P.M. After ruling out several possible causes of her death, it was discovered minutes later that the infusing bag was the epidural solution, instead of the penicillin (Smetzer, Baker, Byrne, Cohen, 2010). Her colleagues reported that Mrs. Thao looked extremely fatigued, which possibly increased her likelihood of making the fatal medication error along with the omission to verify the five rights of medication administration. The Root Cause Analysis A root cause analysis (RCA) is a technique used to help identify the possibilities of causes that led to the end result. When a sentinel event occurs, the hospital is accountable to do a root cause analysis. The point of RCA is not to point out who is to blame. Thus, by conducting a RCA, it allows for a plan of action to prevent the same or similar incidents from occurring. The first part of the RCA is defining the problem or effect. Part two is determining why it happened with the cause and effect technique. Part three is generating solutions and implementing a plan of action to reduce the likelihood of the event from happening again. In the sentinel event above, the problem was a medication error by registered nurse (RN) Julie Thao that had resulted in the maternal death of 16 year old expectant mother, Jasmine Gant. The four cause categories formulated for this specific case are: people, work environment, equipment, and policies and procedures. The nurse Mrs. Thaos fatigued had a tremendous effect on the actions leading to the medication error. She had voluntarily worked a back to back shift of 16 hours or more the night before starting work again the next morning. She expressed the desire to go home halfway through her second shift, too. While taking care of Ms. Gant, the nurse was distracted while preparing the medications. Mrs. Thao reported that there was tension in her patients room when the babys father arrived, so she had intended to administer the IV penicillin and put on the educational video of the birthing process. The work environment of the LD unit that Mrs. Thao worked on was not well organized. The nurses did not directly communicate with the Anesthesiologist making it difficult to have the epidural ready upon their arrival. The unit was also short staffed with several nurses on temporary leave (Smetizer, Baker, Byrne Cohen, 2010). If Mrs. Thao had not worked second shift, they would have been inadequately staffed. The staff and managers did not strictly enforce and comply with the policies such as the identification bands and bar code medication administration system. So, the problems associated with the policies and procedures included the delay of the patients identification bar code band application, omission of verifying the five rights of medication administration, and retrieving the epidural before it was ordered. The issue with the delay of the patients identification band was that it took longer for the bands to be made with the new system. The staff and management were lenient and made it a norm to put it on the patient whenever it was a convenient time. However, Mrs. Thao confessed that she did not comply with the five rights of medication administration. Also, she retrieved the epidural before it was ordered to decrease her patients fear and in anticipation of early epidural. Retrieving the epidural in anticipation upon the Anesthesias arrival was a common practice on the LD floor because of the dissatisfaction expressed by some Anesthesiologist of it not being readily available. For equipment, there was the problem of the newly installed bar code medication administration system and the design of the bag of epidural solution and IV penicillin. The new systems constant problems created low rates on compliance on scanning IV bags, and nurses bypassing the system, which included safety features to prevent such errors from happening. The LD unit staff had inadequate training on troubleshooting the system, especially Mrs. Thao. Instead, management allowed them to hang the medications and document them manually. With the mistake of grabbing the wrong bag, Mrs. Thao had brought all the supplies including the two bags from the anteroom and sat them onto the counter near the patients bedside so that she can converse with the patient directly. The bag containing the epidural solution and the bag of the penicillin looked similar in size, but the epidural was slightly bigger. They were both clear solutions. The two bags both had orange label stickers, but the epidural b ag had an additional bright pink warning label. There is also a design flaw in the interconnectivity making the IV tubing compatible with accessing the epidural bag port like it does with the IV solutions (Smetizer, Baker, Byrne Cohen, 2010).

OLD GRINGO :: essays research papers

the editor of the Journal mentioned above, Dr. Earl H. Elam, made a systematic search of records in the Presidio County courthouse and found no trace of anyone with a name resembling Bierce having died there during that period. Importantly, Elam also spent a lengthy period in the military records at the National Archives in Washington, D. C. during 1989. While there he located and recovered reams of documentation concerning military activities on both sides of the Big Bend of the Rio Grande border during the Mexican revolution, but he found no trace of Ambrose Bierce having died at Marfa, or anywhere else for that matter. Nevertheless, Bierce probably did see Marfa, Texas, one time. It was from a train coach window as he passed through on his way to El Paso during November. Certainly, he never returned. The most rational explanation for the disappearance of Bierce is that he came north with Villa, arrived near Ojinaga on January 9, and was either slain during the battle on January 10 or that he died of natural causes sometime during that entire time frame. There is even a small piece of information that tends to prove this proposition: after the revolution several groups of investigators went into Mexico looking for Bierce. One method they used in their research was to interview former villistas who were known to have been at Chihuahua and then at Ojinaga during the same time that Bierce was believed to have been there. One officer, a man reportedly named Ybarra, when shown a photograph of Bierce, said that he had indeed seen him at Ojinaga but that after the assault on the federal garrison (which assault we do not know) he never saw him again. So, it is most reasonable to conclude that Ambrose Bierce died at Ojinaga. Many of the dead at Ojinaga were buried in trench graves. Many others however, were interlaced with dry wood, mostly vigas and wooden planks that had been taken from the wrecked structures in Ojinaga, then doused with kerosene and set afire on the plaza de armas in front of the Nuestra Padre de Jesà ºs church. So, was Bierce’s body burned to ashes, or was he buried in an unmarked grave? It is doubtful that anyone will ever know. Doubtful I said, not certain. For tantalizing clues are occasionally brought to light. There is, for example, that piece of information concerning the execution of an old American journalist by huertista soldiers in an old mining village of northern Zacatecas.

Nomos vs. Physis in Sophocles’Antigone and the Modern World Essay

Nomos vs. Physis in Sophocles’Antigone and the Modern World The Greek play, Antigone, written by Sophocles in the year 441 BCE, honors the Greek god of wine, Dionysus. It is hard to imagine that a play, written century ago for an imaginary god, would still be widely popular and have great significance in today's world. Using two main characters, Antigone and Creon, Sophocles creates a dialogue that examines two very different views of nomos (law) and physis (nature), the focal point of all Greek beliefs. These two terms were often the key in deciding what was considered right and wrong among the Greeks, and people still use nomos and physis in today's society centuries later. Throughout Antigone, Creon and Antigone use nomos and physis to defend their actions taken when Antigone breaks a law made by Creon, because she feels it impedes upon the unwritten laws of the gods, much like anti gay advocates defend their stance on protecting the sanctity of marriage, while gay activists oppose it because it violates their fundamental constitutional ri ghts. Using Creon and Antigone, Sophocles illustrates the way that nomos and physis support their opposing viewpoints. When Antigone's two brothers, Eteocles and Polyneices, kill each other in battle, Creon, her uncle, succeeds to the throne. Once in power, he makes a law that no one can bury Polyneices because he was un-loyal to his native land. If anyone defied his new law by burying him, then the perpetrator would be killed and left unburied. However, Antigone felt that both of her brothers should have a proper burial, and disobeyed Creon's law by burying Polynneices knowing she would have to suffer the consequences. When brought before Creon, she defended her actions through phys... ... constitution. They believe that the law should not decide who people can love, and that it is a persons right to marry whomever they want. Therefore, the terms nomos and physis are still used in today's society in similar ways to that of Creon and Antigone centuries ago. Even though Antigone was written centuries ago, the basic principles of nomos and physis can still be applied in today's world. The way that the two terms are interpreted will vary from person to person, and there is no right or wrong answer. As long as there are controversial issues in the world, peoples opinions of nomos and physis will continue to evolve and change through time. Works Cited Sophocles. Antigone. Exploring Literature: Writing and thinking About Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and the Essay. Ed. Joseph Terry. New York: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc, 2001. 123-154.

Trends In Copyright Infringement: A Review of Two Predictive Articles :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Trends In Copyright Infringement: A Review of Two Predictive Articles      Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract: In 1995 Lance Rose and Esther Dyson wrote articles in Wired Magazine expressing polarized views on the future of copyright law and copyright infringement.   This essay reviews those articles, analyzes each article's accuracy as defined by current trends years later.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Over the past decade the societal view of creative society has greatly changed due to advances in computer technology and the Internet.   In 1995, aware of the beginning of this change, two authors wrote articles in Wired Magazine expressing diametrically opposed views on how this technological change would take form, and how it would affect copyright law.   In the article "The Emperor's Clothes Still Fit Just Fine" Lance Rose hypothesized that the criminal nature of copyright infringement would prevent it from developing into a socially acceptable practice. Thus, he wrote, we would not need to revise copyright law to prevent copyright infringement.   In another article, Entitled "Intellectual Value", Esther Dyson presented a completely different view of the copyright issue.   She based many her arguments on the belief that mainstream copyright infringement would proliferate in the following years, causing a radical revision of Ame rican ideas and laws towards intellectual property.  Ã‚   What has happened since then?   Who was right?   This paper analyzes the situation then and now, with the knowledge that these trends are still in a state of transformation. As new software and hardware innovations make it easier to create, copy, alter, and disseminate original digital content, this discussion will be come even more critical.    Whereas Rose advocated better policing practices and improved copyright legislation, Dyson proposed that the de facto legalization of content duplication would nullify copyright law, resulting in a service-based economy with little copyright law.   While this economic and legal evolution will continue for years to come, it is this author's opinion that Dyson's model of change seems much more likely based on events and trends over the past six years.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Much of Rose's argument for the retention of current copyright laws stems from the faulty belief that copyright infringement will remain much of an underground practice.   In his article Rose asserts that "Net users who aren't at least mildly familiar with the [file-sharing] underworld will never even hear about such systems before they are dismembered" [1].   While file-sharing might not have been an important issue in 1995, the word "underworld" does not accurately describe the flourishing file sharing situation today.

Drugs: How Danagerous Is It? Essay -- essays research papers

Drugs: How Danagerous Is It? Drugs have infiltrated our cities, our towns and our lives. Though a small percentage of people use drugs, they do attempt to spread their plague among others. But, how dangerous are these mind suppressors? Do they kill like the statistics show, or is it a coverup to stop people from having a good time? Even in Franklin County, there are drugs. How bad is the problem? It is worse then most people think, but what can we do about it? Can we do anything about it? Marijuana is the drug of choice among most addicts. It is provided cheap and is easily available. Overdosing it on this drug is not possible, or at least dying of an overdose, thus making it seem safe. The high is described as a rush of calmness and relaxation. People under the influence feel relaxed and as if their problems are gone. The most common method of doing this drug is smoking it. The leafy plant is dried and smoked in a joint, or a rolled cigarette with a paper mouth piece. It can also be smoked in a bong, or pipe. Another method is eating the leaves of the plant. They must be cooked in some sort of fat. Marijuana is fat soluble, and for the reason, must be cooked in butter, lard, milk, or other substance. A new method is being tested. It includes "baking" the marijuana under a flame without burning it. It is nearly the same as smoking it, but there is no smoke, which may limit the chance of lung cancer. Yet is this drug safe? No. The short term effects, besides the calmness are the following: temporary memory loss, rapid heart beat, and dizziness. The long term effects include the following: Lung cancer, heart problems, and immune system disorders. The equivalent of one joint is four cigarettes, or ten seconds of car exhaust. No one sees the dangers of this drug, and they usually do not care about them, making it even more dangerous. LSD, or acid, is a synthetic drug that was originally found on the skin of a mushroom. This is considered a psychedelic drug. It is very cheap, usually $4 - $5 a trip. A trip usually consists of 500-600 "mics" of acid. It can be made from morning glory, wood petroleum and other chemicals. The high is very interesting. It is described as non-real. It brings reality and imagination together in a utopia of relaxation. This may sound good, but people tripping on acid do not realized what they are doing and could j... .... This drug is by far the most dangerous of the popular drugs. They often link it to violence and gangs. The drug problem in Franklin County isn't as large as in cities, but is existent. People use drugs, mainly because of peer pressure. Most people would not agree with this, but it is true. Ignorance is a major player in the drug problem. People don't realize HOW dangerous it is. If all people understood the information in this report, the problem could go decrease. It was stated that if marijuana was legalized, the drug problem would cease. This does have some truth to it, but most people say that marijuana leads to other drugs, but studies show that approximately 5% of people who try marijuana try other drugs. Marijuana does not lead to other drugs. However, this does not nullify the fact that marijuana kills people. It does it with the same potency of cigarettes. This is due to the fact that people do not smoke 40 joints a day, like some cigarette smokers, they smoke about two joints a week. But, there is not excuse for other "hard drugs" like LSD, heroin and cocaine. People need to learn what they are doing to themselves; that is the key to solving the drug problem.

Rome :: essays research papers

Occultists the world over believe that, once a symbol is created, it acquires power of its own, and more power is generated when such symbol(s) are created without the profane [uninitiated] knowing about it. And, the greatest power of all is created in the symbol(s) if the uninitiated NEVER discover that the symbol exists. In this article, we shall demonstrate positive proofs of conspiracy to achieve the ends of Freemasonry, i.e., achieving the New World Order. And, these proofs exist right under your eyes, in Washington, D.C., the Capital district. Prepare for the unexpected. Before you read this article, you might want to go to a map store to buy a street map of Washington, D.C. The New World Order is coming! Are you ready? Once you understand what this New World Order really is, and how it is being gradually implemented, you will be able to see it progressing in your daily news!! Learn how to protect yourself, your loved ones! Stand by for insights so startling you will never look at the news the same way again. YOU ARE NOW ON THE CUTTING EDGE We will demonstrate that the street design in Government Center in Washington, D.C., has been cunningly laid out in such a manner that certain Luciferic symbols are depicted by the streets, cul-de-sacs and rotaries. This design was created by an Masonic architect in 1791, just a few years after Freemasonry assumed the leadership of the New World Order, in 1782. Remember, occult leaders in Europe were told by their Familiar Spirits as early as the 1740's that the new American continent was to be established as the new "Atlantis", and its destiny was to assume the global leadership of the drive to the New World Order. From the beginning, the United States of America was chosen to lead the world into this kingdom of Antichrist, and Washington, D.C. was to be its capital. You will need to have your maps of Washington, D.C., opened in front of you as we proceed. As we proceed through this discussion we will answer the great question of "Why" these streets have thus been laid out. Before we begin our discussion of this Washington, D.C. map, let us lay some important groundwork which will enable us to better understand the occultic meaning behind what we are about to show you. This information was given Cutting Edge Ministries by a born-again Christian who was once a medium level Satanist, Doc Marquee. At the time of his conversion, Doc was in charge of several Satanic covens West and North of Boston.

Humorous Wedding Speech Delivered by the Groom :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Humorous Wedding Speech Delivered by the Groom Well, as Henry VIII said to each one of his wives †¦ 'I shall not keep you long'. Ladies and Gentlemen, this day is an historic day, on this day in 1666, the Great Fire of London started - nothing to do with my wife's cooking. And on this day in the year 2000, you attended this wedding reception and heard the finest wedding speech of your entire lifetime, and my best man Michael will be making it. I after all, did have a great speech worked out for you today, but as I am now married, my wife has told me what to say instead. Thank you - All So on behalf on my wife and I. We would like thank you all for coming here today and sharing our special day with us. Especially those who have travelled some distance to be here, including our chief bridesmaid Suzy and her boyfriend Chris who have come all the way from Canada via Glasgow. We would also like to thank you all very much for your cards, kind thoughts and wonderful presents. I was afraid that putting a dinner service on the wedding list was not such a good idea. When I discussed it with Mel I suggesting we should get a dishwasher, but she told me not to worry, she's going to get one when she's married - Me! We had considered getting married abroad, but we decided we would prefer to share our day with all of you. And I'm glad we did. Here's to all of you who are all very special people, picked by us both and may we all have a great day (toast). Thank you - Brian Brian, thank you for those kind words, (you hope that you won't let him down/are proud to be his son-in-law, live up to his expectations etc. Having lived with Mel for 3 years now, I think I am prepared well enough.) I must say that both Hazel and yourself always make me feel very welcome when I come to visit. In view of the fact that my new Mother-in-Law is so close, I don't want to say much, other than only Adam had no Mother-in-Law - that's how we know he lived in paradise. Thank you - Parents We would like to thank both sets of parents as we wouldn't be here today if it wasn't for them.

“The Filipino Penchant for Beauty Products and Whitener Reflects That Colonial Outlook on Beauty”

Dasmarinas East National High School San Simon, Dasmarinas City â€Å"The Filipino penchant for beauty products and whitener reflects that colonial outlook on beauty† Tittle: In a Partial Fulfilment in English IV IV- Pearl ______________ _____________ Prepared by: Prepared to: Chapter 1 Introduction A. Backround of the Study For so many years beauty has been a center of attraction to all. It can be considered as one of the major aspects of an individual’s life. Beauty is defined as â€Å"any of those qualities of objects, sounds, emotional or intellectual concepts, behavior, etc.That gratify or arouse admiration to a high degree, especially by the perfection of form resulting from the harmonious combination of diverse elements in unity†. A person appears beautiful when seen perfectly. And most of the Filipinos are aware of that statement. Filipinos want to become beautiful, that even using so many cosmetic product just to beautify will do. This research entitled â€Å"The Filipino Penchant for beauty products and whiteners reflects the colonial outlook in beauty,† aims to prove that Filipino’s tend to believe that physical beauty is an edge among others.Specifying that beauty has been the most favourable and considerable things over others. The three major reasons why beauty matters are: beauty creates energy, beauty debriefs tension and beauty helps our self esteem. One tends to attract positive energies resulting to positive outlook in life, whenever there is a satisfaction in someone’s beauty. Beauty really helps in developing one’s self-esteem. Because it will eventually lead to the confidence of oneself. The researchers tend to believe that physical beauty is fashion that makes an individual creative, physically and mentally creative.People usually use beauty as an instrument on socializing. â€Å"The face isphysical, therefore personal and intimate, yet the face is also made up and subject to fashion. â₠¬  Acceptance in terms of beauty cannot be avoided, based on what the researcher experienced. It is the nature of aech and every one . And it is observed especially on the side of women, which feels more pressure than men in terms of beautification. â€Å"Millions of women, of all ages and countries and ethnicities, feel pressures to look different than they do, to gain the esteem of others and acceptance in their own eyes.Some men feel similar pressures, though not often and seldom as with as much force, for in nearly human societies beauty is more vigourously required of women than men. Men can feel good about themselves on the basis of power, wealth and achievement. Women in industrial societies gain self-esteem from those things too, but they are also required to be beautiful or at least to present themselves beautifully,† It seems that women are required to be presented beautifully at all time. That’s why beauty products and procedures are the requirements to ach ieve the said edge among others. Beauty is the state of mind†¦ when you feel beautiful, you are beautiful!A good appreance shows that you respect yourself. When people see that, they feel respect for you too. When you give respect, you get respect. † This statement appeals that you should be thinking positive, be confident, and don’t be afraid of what other say. But as the researchers observed, this does not exist anymore. When people want to become beautiful, they will apply make-up, skin whiteners, etc. but then, for others who cannot afford, then why not take optimism? so that insecurity will never be an arguing issue. Although considered as the edge for millions of people, beauty needs so many painful ways first before achieving it. â€Å"Beauty gives pleasure even if achieving it could be painful. † Some people, most especially Filipinos work hard to attain the beauty preference of the majority. According on the website that we have visited, â€Å"on t he average of forty percent of the Filipinos population has tried some form of whitening treatment or applied whitening cream to their skin. The Filipinos are vain; very vain.Skin whitening is just one of the many things that Filipinos would go through to stand up to Filipino standard of beauty. † This leads to the researcher’s conclusions that Filipinos are seriously decided on how they will appear to others, believing that white is beauty. According to Stephen M. Smith â€Å"Looks may not be everything, but physical good news usually work in one’s favour. Such is the conclusion of a quarters century’s worth of research on physical attractiveness effects. Physical attractive individuals are often viewed more favourably than unattractiveness effects.Physical attractive individual are often viewed more favourably than unattractive people on dimensions that are weakly related or unrelated to physical looks, such as intelligience, sociability and morality. à ¢â‚¬Å"That’s exactly what the researcher mean, that beauty favourability cannot be avoided or diminished in every aspects of life. Especiallyin Filipinos who really considered that beauty is an edge among others. Dasmarinas East National High School English IV IV- PearlResearch Title: â€Å"The Filipino penchant for beauty products and whitener reflects that colonial outlook on beauty† We IV- Pearl students are conducting a Research Paper as a requirement for our subject in English IV. To be able to know the possible reason why Filipino tend to believe that physical beauty is an edge over others, we are now requesting you to help us in this survey. Please check the box for your appropriate answers answer the open questions truthfully. Any answers will be treated confidentially and will be only used as data for this research.Name: __________________________________ Address: _____________________Gender: ___ Survey Question: 1. Do you use beauty products, whiteners? Yes N o 2. What products do you usually use? Face Powder Body Lotion Hair Creme Lipstick 3. Why do you uses those products? ___________________________________ 4. Which one do you think you cannot live without? ____________________________________ 5. When did you start using these products? ____________________________________ 6. Are you satisfied by the result? Yes No . Do you plan it to use it continuously? ___________________________________ 8. Who influence you to use those products? ___________________________________ 9. What advantage do you think you have over others by using these products? ___________________________________ 10. Do you believe that physical beauty is an edge over others? Yes No Dasmarinas East National High School English IV IV- Pearl Research Title: â€Å"The Filipino penchant for beauty products and whitener reflects that colonial outlook on beauty†We IV- Pearl students are conducting a Research Paper as a requirement for our subject in English IV. To be able to know the possible reason why Filipino tend to believe that physical beauty is an edge over others, we are now requesting you to help us in this survey. Please check the box for your appropriate answers answer the open questions truthfully. Any answers will be treated confidentially and will be only used as data for this research. Name: __________________________________ Address: _____________________Gender: ___ Survey Question: 1. Do you use beauty products, whiteners?Yes No 2. What products do you usually use? Face Powder Body Lotion Hair Creme Lipstick 3. Why do you uses those products? ___________________________________ 4. Which one do you think you cannot live without? ____________________________________ 5. When did you start using these products? ____________________________________ 6. Are you satisfied by the result? Yes No 7. Do you plan it to use it continuously? ___________________________________ 8. Who influence you to use those products? ______________________ ____________ 9. What advantage do you think you have over others by using these products? ___________________________________ 10. Do you believe that physical beauty is an edge over others? Yes No Scope and Delimitation This study focuses on how the Filipinos’ penchant to beauty products and whitener reflect the colonial outlook on beauty. The respondents were randomly selected and are composed of 15 female and 10 male students and non student. This study will no longer discuss the different brand of those identified cosmetic products.The researchers gathered information through the use of some relevant books that can be found in the Pambayang Aklatan ng Dasmarinas, internet sources. Statement of the Problem This study aims to answer the following question: 1. What are the beauty products commonly used by Filipinos? 2. Why do Filipinos use those said beauty products? 3. What should be the true concept of beauty? 4. Why do Filipinos tend to believe that physical appreance is a n edge among others? Significance of the Study The finding of this study will benefit the following groups of people:Future Researcher: This research paper can be used as a reference if there is a certain relation between the topics. Filipinos: They will be able to realize that physical appereance is not the only favourable thing above all. They will be able to assess the do’s and dont’s regarding using cosmetic products. Definition of Terms: Ethnicities- A particular ethnic affiliation group (student of divers ethnicities), e. g. A university that aggressively recruits the student body of diverse ethnicities. Harmonious- Having the parts agreeably related: — (blended into a harmonious), e. . the living was decorated in harmonious color. Vain- Unsuccessful: he maid a vain attempt to reach the drowning woman. E. g. she is very vain about her appereance. Transcends- Changing the person. E. g. she was able to transcend her own suffering and help others. Beauty- Phy sical appereance which is considered as the edge over others. E. g. we explored the natural beauty of island. Penchant- A strong and continued inclination broadly: liking. E. g. a penchant for sitting by the window and staring moodily of into space. Vigourously- Carried out forcefully and energetically.E. g. she give a vigourous defense of her beliefs. Cosmetic- Designed to increase the beauty and hide the defects of something, especially the face; he had a cosmetic surgery to improve the shape of his nose. E. g. almond oil is sometimes used in cosmetic products. Statement of the Problem This study aims to answer the following question: 1. What are the beauty products commonly used by Filipinos? 2. Why do Filipinos use those said beauty products? 3. What should be the true concept of beauty? 4. Why do Filipinos tend to believe that physical appreance is an edge among others?Significance of the Study The finding of this study will benefit the following groups of people: Future Resear cher: This research paper can be used as a reference if there is a certain relation between the topics. Filipinos: They will be able to realize that physical appereance is not the only favourable thing above all. They will be able to assess the do’s and dont’s regarding using cosmetic products. Definition of Terms: Ethnicities- A particular ethnic affiliation group (student of divers ethnicities), e. g. A university that aggressively recruits the student body of diverse ethnicities.Harmonious- Having the parts agreeably related: — (blended into a harmonious), e. g. the living was decorated in harmonious color. Vain- Unsuccessful: he maid a vain attempt to reach the drowning woman. E. g. she is very vain about her appereance. Transcends- Changing the person. E. g. she was able to transcend her own suffering and help others. Beauty- Physical appereance which is considered as the edge over others. E. g. we explored the natural beauty of island. It can be either dev eloped the humane values because in our life today is taking the advantage of being beautiful or handsome .